महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-302, verse-18

अरिष्टानि च तत्त्वेन वक्तुमर्हसि सत्तम ।
विदितं सर्वमेतत्ते पाणावामलकं यथा ॥१८॥

18. ariṣṭāni ca tattvena vaktumarhasi sattama ,
viditaṁ sarvametatte pāṇāvāmalakaṁ yathā.

18. ariṣṭāni ca tattvena vaktum arhasi sat-tama
viditam sarvam etat te pāṇau āmalakam yathā

18. sat-tama,
ca tattvena ariṣṭāni vaktum arhasi.
etat sarvam te pāṇau āmalakam yathā viditam (asti)

18. And you, O most excellent one, ought to describe the portents in their true essence. All this is known to you just as an āmalaka fruit in one's hand.

Words meanings summery:

• अरिष्टानि (ariṣṭāni) - portents, evil omens, impending misfortunes

• च (ca) - and

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in essence, truly, in principle

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

• सत्-तम (sat-tama) - O best of the good, O most excellent one

• विदितम् (viditam) - known

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ते (te) - to you, by you

• पाणौ (pāṇau) - in the hand

• आमलकम् (āmalakam) - an āmalaka fruit

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

Words meanings and morphology

अरिष्टानि (ariṣṭāni) - portents, evil omens, impending misfortunes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ariṣṭa

ariṣṭa - unhurt, safe; ominous sign, misfortune, death

From 'a-' (not) + root 'riṣ' (to hurt, injure).

Root: riṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in essence, truly, in principle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

सत्-तम (sat-tama) - O best of the good, O most excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sat-tama

sat-tama - the best of the good, most excellent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sat+tama)

• sat – good, virtuous, existent, real
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• tama – most, best (superlative suffix)
  suffix
  Superlative suffix added to adjectives/nouns.

विदितम् (viditam) - known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

ते (te) - to you, by you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Can be genitive or dative. Here, 'known to you'.

पाणौ (pāṇau) - in the hand

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

आमलकम् (āmalakam) - an āmalaka fruit

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āmalaka

āmalaka - Emblic myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit

Note: Often used as a simile for something clearly visible or easily understood.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)