महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-265, verse-13

य एतान्प्रज्ञया दोषान्पूर्वमेवानुपश्यति ।
कुशलः सुखदुःखानां साधूंश्चाप्युपसेवते ॥१३॥

13. ya etānprajñayā doṣānpūrvamevānupaśyati ,
kuśalaḥ sukhaduḥkhānāṁ sādhūṁścāpyupasevate.

13. yaḥ etān prajñayā doṣān pūrvam eva anupaśyati
kuśalaḥ sukhaduḥkhānām sādhūn ca api upasevate

13. yaḥ prajñayā pūrvam eva etān doṣān anupaśyati
sukhaduḥkhānām kuśalaḥ ca api sādhūn upasevate

13. He who, through discernment (prajñā), perceives these flaws in advance, is adept at handling both happiness and sorrow, and furthermore, associates with virtuous people.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• एतान् (etān) - these (faults) (these, them (masculine plural))

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by discernment, by understanding

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, errors, blemishes

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in advance (before, previously, beforehand, earlier)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - he perceives, he observes, he foresees, he examines

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, adept, clever, virtuous

• सुखदुःखानाम् (sukhaduḥkhānām) - of happiness and sorrow, of joys and pains

• साधून् (sādhūn) - righteous people, good people, virtuous ones

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उपसेवते (upasevate) - he associates with (he attends upon, he serves, he cultivates (friendship with), he frequents)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

Note: Subject of both `anupaśyati` and `upasevate` (via implied `saḥ`).

एतान् (etān) - these (faults) (these, them (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, accusative plural masculine.

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by discernment, by understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, discernment, intelligence, understanding

From prefix `pra-` and root `jñā` (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, errors, blemishes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice, sin

From root `duṣ` (to be bad).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in advance (before, previously, beforehand, earlier)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - he perceives, he observes, he foresees, he examines

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anupaśyati

present tense

Root `dṛś` (1st class) with prefix `anu-`. `dṛś` changes to `paśya` in present tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, adept, clever, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skillful, adept, virtuous, well, healthy, auspicious

सुखदुःखानाम् (sukhaduḥkhānām) - of happiness and sorrow, of joys and pains

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

साधून् (sādhūn) - righteous people, good people, virtuous ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, wise, holy man

Root: sādh (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Adds emphasis to "associates with righteous people".

उपसेवते (upasevate) - he associates with (he attends upon, he serves, he cultivates (friendship with), he frequents)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upasevate

present tense

Root `sev` (1st class) with prefix `upa-`. Ātmanepada.

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)