महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-158, verse-9

परेषां यत्र दोषः स्यात्तद्गुह्यं संप्रकाशयेत् ।
समानेष्वेव दोषेषु वृत्त्यर्थमुपघातयेत् ॥९॥

9. pareṣāṁ yatra doṣaḥ syāttadguhyaṁ saṁprakāśayet ,
samāneṣveva doṣeṣu vṛttyarthamupaghātayet.

9. pareṣām yatra doṣaḥ syāt tat guhyam saṃprakāśayet
samāneṣu eva doṣeṣu vṛttyartham upaghātayet

9. yatra pareṣām doṣaḥ syāt tat guhyam saṃprakāśayet
samāneṣu eva doṣeṣu vṛttyartham upaghātayet

9. Where there is a fault of others, he should reveal that secret. But for the sake of his livelihood, he would inflict harm (or cause destruction) even in similar cases of faults.

Words meanings summery:

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others

• यत्र (yatra) - where (a fault exists) (where, in which place, when)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, sin

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

• तत् (tat) - refe`rs to 'that secret fault' (that, that one)

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

• संप्रकाशयेत् (saṁprakāśayet) - he should reveal, he should make known

• समानेषु (samāneṣu) - in similar (cases of) faults (in similar (faults), among equals)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'similar faults' (indeed, only, just)

• दोषेषु (doṣeṣu) - in faults, in defects

• वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the sake of livelihood

• उपघातयेत् (upaghātayet) - he should cause to injure, he should destroy, he should cause harm

Words meanings and morphology

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

Note: Functions as a substantive.

यत्र (yatra) - where (a fault exists) (where, in which place, when)

(indeclinable)

adverb of place/time

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, sin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, error

derived from root duṣ (to be bad)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of syāt.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active, 3rd Person Singular

from root as

Root: as (class 2)

तत् (tat) - refe`rs to 'that secret fault' (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, to be concealed

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

derived from root guh (to hide)

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Functions as the object of saṃprakāśayet.

संप्रकाशयेत् (saṁprakāśayet) - he should reveal, he should make known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of saṃprakāśay

Optative Active, Causative, 3rd Person Singular

derived from root kāś (to shine) with prefixes sam and pra, in causative mood.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Causative stem.

समानेषु (samāneṣu) - in similar (cases of) faults (in similar (faults), among equals)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of samāna

samāna - similar, equal, same, common

composed of sam (with, together) + āna (from root an, to breathe; here meaning 'having the same vital breath' or simply 'equal')

Compound type : tatpurusha (sam+āna)

• sam – with, together, complete
  indeclinable
  prefix
• āna – breathing, breath, face
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root an
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to doṣeṣu.

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'similar faults' (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

दोषेषु (doṣeṣu) - in faults, in defects

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, error

derived from root duṣ (to be bad)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the sake of livelihood

(indeclinable)

composed of vṛtti (livelihood, existence) + artha (purpose, sake)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtti+artha)

• vṛtti – livelihood, occupation, existence, manner of being
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root vṛt
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

उपघातयेत् (upaghātayet) - he should cause to injure, he should destroy, he should cause harm

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of upaghātay

Optative Active, Causative, 3rd Person Singular

derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix upa, in causative mood.

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Causative stem.