महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-158, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
आनृशंस्यं विजानामि दर्शनेन सतां सदा ।
नृशंसान्न विजानामि तेषां कर्म च भारत ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ānṛśaṁsyaṁ vijānāmi darśanena satāṁ sadā ,
nṛśaṁsānna vijānāmi teṣāṁ karma ca bhārata.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ānṛśaṃsyam vijānāmi darśanena
satām sadā nṛśaṃsān na vijānāmi teṣām karma ca bhārata

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: sadā satām darśanena ānṛśaṃsyam vijānāmi bhārata,
nṛśaṃsānāṃ karma ca na vijānāmi

1. Yudhishthira said: "I always understand non-cruelty (ānṛśaṃsya) by observing the virtuous. However, I do not understand the actions (karma) of the cruel, O Bharata."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - non-cruelty, compassion, kindness

• विजानामि (vijānāmi) - I know, I understand

• दर्शनेन (darśanena) - by seeing, through observation, by means of sight

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

• नृशंसान् (nṛśaṁsān) - cruel ones, wicked people

• न (na) - not, no

• विजानामि (vijānāmi) - I know, I understand

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the cruel ones (of them, their)

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action

• च (ca) - but (implied contrast) (and)

• भारत (bhārata) - (addressee, typically Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata) (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhishthira (proper name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle, locative of 'yudh') and 'sthira' (steady).

Compound type : Aluk-saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

From root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - non-cruelty, compassion, kindness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya

ānṛśaṁsya - non-cruelty, humanity, kindness, benevolence, compassion

Derived from 'nṛśaṃsa' (cruel) with 'a' (negation) and 'ya' (abstract noun suffix).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (an+nṛśaṃsya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nṛśaṃsya – cruelty, atrocity, wickedness
  noun (neuter)
  Abstract noun from 'nṛśaṃsa' (cruel).

Note: Object of 'vijānāmi'.

विजानामि (vijānāmi) - I know, I understand

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

present

From root 'jñā' (to know) with 'vi' upasarga, Kryādi (9th) class, parasmaipada.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

दर्शनेन (darśanena) - by seeing, through observation, by means of sight

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, vision, doctrine

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + 'ana' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means.

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existent, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be) + 'śatṛ' suffix, masculine form.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Possessive, 'of those who are good'.

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

From 'sa' + 'dā' suffix.

Note: Modifies 'vijānāmi'.

नृशंसान् (nṛśaṁsān) - cruel ones, wicked people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, fierce, malicious

From 'nṛ' (man) + 'śaṃsa' (praise/curse - debated etymology). Generally means 'cruel to men'.

Note: Object of 'vijānāmi'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'vijānāmi'.

विजानामि (vijānāmi) - I know, I understand

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

present

From root 'jñā' (to know) with 'vi' upasarga, Kryādi (9th) class, parasmaipada.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the cruel ones (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, 'their'.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'vijānāmi'.

च (ca) - but (implied contrast) (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - (addressee, typically Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata) (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

From 'bharata' + 'aṇ' suffix (patronymic).