महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-158, verse-3

नृशंसो ह्यधमो नित्यं प्रेत्य चेह च भारत ।
तस्माद्ब्रवीहि कौरव्य तस्य धर्मविनिश्चयम् ॥३॥

3. nṛśaṁso hyadhamo nityaṁ pretya ceha ca bhārata ,
tasmādbravīhi kauravya tasya dharmaviniścayam.

3. nṛśaṃsaḥ hi adhamaḥ nityam pretya ca iha ca bhārata
tasmāt bravīhi kauravya tasya dharmaviniścayam

3. bhārata kauravya hi nṛśaṃsaḥ nityam iha ca pretya
ca adhamaḥ tasmāt tasya dharmaviniścayam bravīhi

3. Indeed, a cruel person is always the lowest, both in this world and the next, O Bhārata. Therefore, O descendant of Kuru, tell us the definite determination of his proper conduct (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - a cruel person

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• अधमः (adhamaḥ) - the lowest, vilest

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world

• च (ca) - and

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Mahabharata. (O descendant of Kuru)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• धर्मविनिश्चयम् (dharmaviniścayam) - the ascertainment/determination of his proper conduct/law

Words meanings and morphology

नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - a cruel person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, malicious, wicked, inhuman

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

अधमः (adhamaḥ) - the lowest, vilest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, vilest, worst

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; related to Bharata; India

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative case of 'tad' used as an adverb.

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, 2nd person, singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Mahabharata. (O descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्मविनिश्चयम् (dharmaviniścayam) - the ascertainment/determination of his proper conduct/law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaviniścaya

dharmaviniścaya - ascertainment of duty/right conduct

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+viniścaya)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• viniścaya – determination, ascertainment, decision
  noun (masculine)
  Derived with Ghañ suffix
  From verb 'vini-ci' (to ascertain) + suffix 'a'
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ci (class 5)