महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-146, verse-13

बहु कल्याणमिच्छन्त ईहन्ते पितरः सुतान् ।
तपसा देवतेज्याभिर्वन्दनेन तितिक्षया ॥१३॥

13. bahu kalyāṇamicchanta īhante pitaraḥ sutān ,
tapasā devatejyābhirvandanena titikṣayā.

13. bahu kalyāṇam icchantaḥ īhante pitaraḥ sutān
tapasā devatejyābhiḥ vandanena titikṣayā

13. pitaraḥ bahu kalyāṇam icchantaḥ sutān tapasā
devatejyābhiḥ vandanena titikṣayā īhante

13. Fathers, desiring great welfare for their children, strive for it through ascetic practices (tapas), worship of deities, veneration, and patience.

Words meanings summery:

• बहु (bahu) - great (much, many, great, abundant)

• कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare (welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune, happiness)

• इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing, wanting)

• ईहन्ते (īhante) - they strive (they strive, they endeavor, they wish for)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

• सुतान् (sutān) - children (sons, children, offspring)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through ascetic practices (tapas) (by penance, by asceticism, by austerity)

• देवतेज्याभिः (devatejyābhiḥ) - by worship of deities (by worship of deities, by sacrifices to gods)

• वन्दनेन (vandanena) - by veneration (by veneration, by bowing, by salutation)

• तितिक्षया (titikṣayā) - by patience (by patience, by endurance, by forbearance)

Words meanings and morphology

बहु (bahu) - great (much, many, great, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Modifies 'kalyāṇam'.

कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare (welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune, happiness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - welfare, auspiciousness, good, beautiful

Note: Object of 'icchantaḥ'.

इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing, wanting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of icchat

icchat - desiring

Present active participle

Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with 'śap' + 'at' suffix.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'pitaraḥ'.

ईहन्ते (īhante) - they strive (they strive, they endeavor, they wish for)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of īh

Present, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Root 'īh' (1st class) + 'śap' + 'ante'.

Root: īh (class 1)

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Subject of 'īhante'.

सुतान् (sutān) - children (sons, children, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child, offspring

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object for whom welfare is desired.

तपसा (tapasā) - through ascetic practices (tapas) (by penance, by asceticism, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, asceticism, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of striving.

देवतेज्याभिः (devatejyābhiḥ) - by worship of deities (by worship of deities, by sacrifices to gods)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of devatejyā

devatejyā - worship of deities, sacrifice to gods

Compound of 'deva' (god) and 'ijyā' (worship).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+ijyā)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• ijyā – worship, sacrifice
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'yaj' (to worship, sacrifice).
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of striving.

वन्दनेन (vandanena) - by veneration (by veneration, by bowing, by salutation)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vandana

vandana - veneration, bowing, salutation

From root 'vand' (to salute, praise).

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of striving.

तितिक्षया (titikṣayā) - by patience (by patience, by endurance, by forbearance)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of titikṣā

titikṣā - patience, endurance, forbearance

From desiderative stem of 'tij' or 'sah' (to endure).

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of striving.