महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-146, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अबुद्धिपूर्वं यः पापं कुर्याद्भरतसत्तम ।
मुच्यते स कथं तस्मादेनसस्तद्वदस्व मे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
abuddhipūrvaṁ yaḥ pāpaṁ kuryādbharatasattama ,
mucyate sa kathaṁ tasmādenasastadvadasva me.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca abuddhipūrvaṃ yaḥ pāpaṃ kuryāt
bharatasattama mucyate sa kathaṃ tasmāt enasaḥ tat vadasva me

1. bharatasattama,
yaḥ abuddhipūrvaṃ pāpaṃ kuryāt,
sa tasmāt enasaḥ kathaṃ mucyate? tat me vadasva.

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best among the Bharatas, how is one who unintentionally commits a sin released from that transgression? Please explain this to me."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अबुद्धिपूर्वं (abuddhipūrvaṁ) - unintentionally, without prior thought

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• पापं (pāpaṁ) - sin, evil

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, might do, commits

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among Bharatas

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released, is freed

• स (sa) - he, that (person)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

• एनसः (enasaḥ) - from sin, from transgression

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• वदस्व (vadasva) - tell, explain

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, son of Dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, unmoving
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अबुद्धिपूर्वं (abuddhipūrvaṁ) - unintentionally, without prior thought

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+buddhi+pūrva)

• a – not, non-, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• pūrva – prior, former, preceding
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

पापं (pāpaṁ) - sin, evil

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wrong, wickedness

Note: Object of kuryāt.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, might do, commits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Potential mood.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among Bharatas

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best among the Bharatas (a lineage, often referring to Pandavas/Kauravas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, a region (India)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama
  Root: sat

Note: Addressing Bhishma.

मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released, is freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Intransitive in passive voice, meaning 'is freed'.

स (sa) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'enasas'.

एनसः (enasaḥ) - from sin, from transgression

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of enas

enas - sin, fault, transgression, crime

Note: Governed by mucyate in the sense of 'freed from'.

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of vadasva.

वदस्व (vadasva) - tell, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Middle voice ending used, imperative.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun, dative/genitive.