महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-95, verse-4

अप्राप्तवति तस्मिंश्च यौवनं भरतर्षभ ।
स राजा शंतनुर्धीमान्कालधर्ममुपेयिवान् ॥४॥

4. aprāptavati tasmiṁśca yauvanaṁ bharatarṣabha ,
sa rājā śaṁtanurdhīmānkāladharmamupeyivān.

4. aprāptavati tasmin ca yauvanam bharatarṣabhaḥ
saḥ rājā śaṃtanuḥ dhīmān kāladharmam upeyivān

4. O best of Bharatas, while he (Chitrangada) had not yet attained youth, that wise King Shantanu passed away.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्राप्तवति (aprāptavati) - while not having attained, not having reached

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in Chitrangada (in him, in that (one))

• च (ca) - and, also

• यौवनम् (yauvanam) - youth, young age

• भरतर्षभः (bharatarṣabhaḥ) - O Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas)

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - king

• शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - King Shantanu (Shantanu)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

• कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - passed away, died (attained, reached, gone towards)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्राप्तवति (aprāptavati) - while not having attained, not having reached

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aprāptavat

aprāptavat - not attained, not reached, not obtained

Past Active Participle

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + 'prāpta' (past passive participle of √āp with pra-) + participial suffix '-vat'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prāpta – attained, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√āp (5th class) + kta (past participle suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in Chitrangada (in him, in that (one))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Chitrangada, the subject of the locative absolute.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यौवनम् (yauvanam) - youth, young age

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, juvenility, prime of life

Derived from yūvan (young) + aṇa (taddhita suffix).

Note: Object of 'aprāptavati'.

भरतर्षभः (bharatarṣabhaḥ) - O Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to Janamejaya.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Shantanu.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Subject of 'upeyivān'.

शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - King Shantanu (Shantanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Shantanu (name of a king, grandfather of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

Note: Subject of 'upeyivān'.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, thoughtful, endowed with understanding

Derived from dhī (intellect) + matup (possessive suffix).

Note: Adjective for Shantanu.

कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladharma

kāladharma - the law/duty of time, natural course of time, death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+dharma)

• kāla – time, period, proper time
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, characteristic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'upeyivān'.

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - passed away, died (attained, reached, gone towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - having attained, having reached, having gone towards

Perfect Active Participle

From upa-√i (2nd class) + perfect participle suffix '-vas'.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Acts as the main verb of the sentence.