महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-95, verse-4

अप्राप्तवति तस्मिंश्च यौवनं भरतर्षभ ।
स राजा शंतनुर्धीमान्कालधर्ममुपेयिवान् ॥४॥

4. aprāptavati tasmiṁśca yauvanaṁ bharatarṣabha ,
sa rājā śaṁtanurdhīmānkāladharmamupeyivān.

4. aprāptavati tasmin ca yauvanam bharatarṣabhaḥ
saḥ rājā śaṃtanuḥ dhīmān kāladharmam upeyivān

4. O best of Bharatas, while he (Chitrangada) had not yet attained youth, that wise King Shantanu passed away.

4. הו אדם דגול מבני בְּהַרַטַה, כשהבן הזה עוד לא הגיע לבחרות, המלך הנבון שַׁנְטַנוּ הלך לעולמו.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्राप्तवति (aprāptavati) - while not having attained, not having reached

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in Chitrangada (in him, in that (one))

• च (ca) - and, also

• यौवनम् (yauvanam) - youth, young age

• भरतर्षभः (bharatarṣabhaḥ) - O Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas)

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - king

• शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - King Shantanu (Shantanu)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

• कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - passed away, died (attained, reached, gone towards)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्राप्तवति (aprāptavati) - while not having attained, not having reached

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aprāptavat

aprāptavat - not attained, not reached, not obtained

Past Active Participle

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + 'prāpta' (past passive participle of √āp with pra-) + participial suffix '-vat'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prāpta – attained, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√āp (5th class) + kta (past participle suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in Chitrangada (in him, in that (one))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Chitrangada, the subject of the locative absolute.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यौवनम् (yauvanam) - youth, young age

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, juvenility, prime of life

Derived from yūvan (young) + aṇa (taddhita suffix).

Note: Object of 'aprāptavati'.

भरतर्षभः (bharatarṣabhaḥ) - O Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to Janamejaya.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Shantanu.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Subject of 'upeyivān'.

शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - King Shantanu (Shantanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Shantanu (name of a king, grandfather of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

Note: Subject of 'upeyivān'.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, thoughtful, endowed with understanding

Derived from dhī (intellect) + matup (possessive suffix).

Note: Adjective for Shantanu.

कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladharma

kāladharma - the law/duty of time, natural course of time, death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+dharma)

• kāla – time, period, proper time
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, characteristic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'upeyivān'.

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - passed away, died (attained, reached, gone towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - having attained, having reached, having gone towards

Perfect Active Participle

From upa-√i (2nd class) + perfect participle suffix '-vas'.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Acts as the main verb of the sentence.

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