महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-83, verse-8

दृष्ट्वा च त्वां सूर्यपथात्पतन्तं वैश्वानरार्कद्युतिमप्रमेयम् ।
किं नु स्विदेतत्पततीति सर्वे वितर्कयन्तः परिमोहिताः स्मः ॥८॥

8. dṛṣṭvā ca tvāṁ sūryapathātpatantaṁ; vaiśvānarārkadyutimaprameyam ,
kiṁ nu svidetatpatatīti sarve; vitarkayantaḥ parimohitāḥ smaḥ.

8. dṛṣṭvā ca tvām sūryapathāt patantam
vaiśvānārārkadyutim aprameyam
kim nu svit etat patati iti
sarve vitarkayantaḥ parimohitāḥ smaḥ

8. And having seen you falling from the sun's path, shining with immeasurable brilliance like the fire god Vaśvānara and the sun, we all became utterly bewildered, wondering 'What indeed is this falling object?'

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• च (ca) - and

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• सूर्यपथात् (sūryapathāt) - from the path of the sun

• पतन्तम् (patantam) - falling

• वैश्वानारार्कद्युतिम् (vaiśvānārārkadyutim) - having the brilliance of Vaśvānara (fire god) and the sun

• अप्रमेयम् (aprameyam) - immeasurable, incomparable

• किम् (kim) - what

• नु (nu) - indeed, then (interrogative particle)

• स्वित् (svit) - an interrogative particle, perhaps

• एतत् (etat) - this (falling object) (this)

• पतति (patati) - is falling

• इति (iti) - thus, saying

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• वितर्कयन्तः (vitarkayantaḥ) - wondering, speculating

• परिमोहिताः (parimohitāḥ) - bewildered, utterly confused

• स्मः (smaḥ) - we were

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

Note: Refers to Yayati, who is masculine.

सूर्यपथात् (sūryapathāt) - from the path of the sun

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sūryapatha

sūryapatha - path of the sun, orbit of the sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+patha)

• sūrya – sun, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

पतन्तम् (patantam) - falling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patant

patant - falling, descending

Present Active Participle

Root: pat (class 1)

वैश्वानारार्कद्युतिम् (vaiśvānārārkadyutim) - having the brilliance of Vaśvānara (fire god) and the sun

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaiśvānārārkadyuti

vaiśvānārārkadyuti - splendor like Vaśvānara and the sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaiśvānara+arka+dyuti)

• vaiśvānara – relating to all men, universal, name of a fire god
  proper noun (masculine)
• arka – sun, fire, ray
  noun (masculine)
• dyuti – splendor, light, brilliance, beauty
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)

अप्रमेयम् (aprameyam) - immeasurable, incomparable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, unquantifiable, inconceivable

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• prameya – measurable, comprehensible
  adjective
  Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tvām' (Yayati) as an attribute.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

नु (nu) - indeed, then (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

स्वित् (svit) - an interrogative particle, perhaps

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (falling object) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

पतति (patati) - is falling

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, saying

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

वितर्कयन्तः (vitarkayantaḥ) - wondering, speculating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitarkayant

vitarkayant - speculating, reasoning, wondering

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative form of root tark.

Prefix: vi

Root: tark (class 10)

परिमोहिताः (parimohitāḥ) - bewildered, utterly confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parimohita

parimohita - bewildered, confounded, completely deluded

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pari

Root: muh (class 4)

स्मः (smaḥ) - we were

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past (laṭ) of as

Past Tense auxiliary (used with `parimohitāḥ` to form a past tense)

The particle 'sma' appended to a present tense verb makes it refer to a past action.

Root: as (class 2)