महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-83, verse-1

इन्द्र उवाच ।
सर्वाणि कर्माणि समाप्य राजन्गृहान्परित्यज्य वनं गतोऽसि ।
तत्त्वां पृच्छामि नहुषस्य पुत्र केनासि तुल्यस्तपसा ययाते ॥१॥

1. indra uvāca ,
sarvāṇi karmāṇi samāpya rāja;ngṛhānparityajya vanaṁ gato'si ,
tattvāṁ pṛcchāmi nahuṣasya putra; kenāsi tulyastapasā yayāte.

1. indra uvāca sarvāṇi karmāṇi samāpya
rājan gṛhān parityajya vanam gataḥ
asi tat tvām pṛcchāmi nahuṣasya
putra kena asi tulyaḥ tapasā yayāte

1. Indra said: "O king, having completed all your duties and abandoned your homes, you have gone to the forest. Therefore, O son of Nahusha, Yayati, I ask you: to whom are you equal in tapas?"

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्र (indra) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (name of a deity))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (all, whole, every)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (actions, deeds, karmas, duties)

• समाप्य (samāpya) - having completed (having completed, finished)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing Yayati) (O king)

• गृहान् (gṛhān) - homes (homes, houses)

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, given up, left)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone (gone, reached, attained)

• असि (asi) - you are

• तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yayati) (you (accusative))

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, question)

• नहुषस्य (nahuṣasya) - of Nahusha

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (addressing Yayati as son of Nahusha) (O son)

• केन (kena) - to whom (in terms of equality) (by whom, by what, with whom)

• असि (asi) - you are

• तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal (equal, similar, comparable)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by tapas (by tapas, by asceticism, by austerity)

• ययाते (yayāte) - O Yayati (addressing the king) (O Yayati)

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्र (indra) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (name of a deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of the king of gods), chief, excellent

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (lit) form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (all, whole, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'karmāṇi'.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (actions, deeds, karmas, duties)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty, karma

From root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'samāpya'.

समाप्य (samāpya) - having completed (having completed, finished)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of root 'āp' with upasarga 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: āp (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing Yayati) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

गृहान् (gṛhān) - homes (homes, houses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, given up, left)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of root 'tyaj' with upasarga 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Destination for the going.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound verb 'gataḥ asi'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense form of root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yayati) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'pṛcchāmi'.

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, question)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prach

Present tense form of root 'prach'

Root: prach (class 6)

नहुषस्य (nahuṣasya) - of Nahusha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahusha (name of an ancient king, father of Yayati)

Note: Qualifies 'putra'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son (addressing Yayati as son of Nahusha) (O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

केन (kena) - to whom (in terms of equality) (by whom, by what, with whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used with 'tulyaḥ' (equal to).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense form of root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal (equal, similar, comparable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable, like

Note: Predicate adjective to 'asi'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by tapas (by tapas, by asceticism, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, asceticism, heat, penance

Note: Indicates the standard of comparison.

ययाते (yayāte) - O Yayati (addressing the king) (O Yayati)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (name of an ancient king)