महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-83, verse-6

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रहायामरराजजुष्टान्पुण्याँल्लोकान्पतमानं ययातिम् ।
संप्रेक्ष्य राजर्षिवरोऽष्टकस्तमुवाच सद्धर्मविधानगोप्ता ॥६॥

6. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ prahāyāmararājajuṣṭā;npuṇyāँllokānpatamānaṁ yayātim ,
saṁprekṣya rājarṣivaro'ṣṭakasta;muvāca saddharmavidhānagoptā.

6. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ prahāya
amararājajuṣṭān puṇyān lokān patamānam
yayātim samprekṣya rājarṣivaraḥ
aṣṭakaḥ tam uvāca saddharmavidhānagoptā

6. Vaishampayana said: Then, Ashtaka, the foremost of royal sages and guardian of the principles of true dharma, observing Yayati as he fell from the meritorious worlds frequented by the king of gods, spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• प्रहाय (prahāya) - having left, having abandoned

• अमरराजजुष्टान् (amararājajuṣṭān) - frequented by the king of gods

• पुण्यान् (puṇyān) - meritorious, virtuous, sacred

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• पतमानम् (patamānam) - falling, descending

• ययातिम् (yayātim) - Yayati

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having observed

• राजर्षिवरः (rājarṣivaraḥ) - best of royal sages, foremost royal sage

• अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Ashtaka (proper name)

• तम् (tam) - to Yayati (him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सद्धर्मविधानगोप्ता (saddharmavidhānagoptā) - protector of the ordinances of true dharma

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a pupil of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

प्रहाय (prahāya) - having left, having abandoned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

अमरराजजुष्टान् (amararājajuṣṭān) - frequented by the king of gods

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amararājajuṣṭa

amararājajuṣṭa - frequented or served by the king of immortals

Compound type : tatpurusha (amararāja+juṣṭa)

• amararāja – king of immortals, Indra
  noun (masculine)
• juṣṭa – frequented, enjoyed, favored
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: juṣ (class 1)

पुण्यान् (puṇyān) - meritorious, virtuous, sacred

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, auspicious, holy

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

पतमानम् (patamānam) - falling, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patamāna

patamāna - falling, descending, dropping

Present Middle Participle

Root: pat (class 1)

ययातिम् (yayātim) - Yayati

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - name of a king

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजर्षिवरः (rājarṣivaraḥ) - best of royal sages, foremost royal sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣivara

rājarṣivara - foremost among royal sages

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājarṣi+vara)

• rājarṣi – royal sage, king who is also a sage
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, superior
  adjective

अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Ashtaka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - name of a king, son of Vishvamitra

तम् (tam) - to Yayati (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सद्धर्मविधानगोप्ता (saddharmavidhānagoptā) - protector of the ordinances of true dharma

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saddharmavidhānagoptṛ

saddharmavidhānagoptṛ - protector of the rules/ordinances of true dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (saddharma+vidhāna+goptṛ)

• saddharma – true dharma, righteous duty
  noun (masculine)
• vidhāna – ordinance, rule, precept, arrangement
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• goptṛ – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Root: gup (class 1)