महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-62, verse-3

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
पौरवाणां वंशकरो दुःषन्तो नाम वीर्यवान् ।
पृथिव्याश्चतुरन्ताया गोप्ता भरतसत्तम ॥३॥

3. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pauravāṇāṁ vaṁśakaro duḥṣanto nāma vīryavān ,
pṛthivyāścaturantāyā goptā bharatasattama.

3. Vaiśampāyana uvāca pauravāṇām vaṃśakaraḥ duḥṣantaḥ nāma
vīryavān pṛthivyāḥ caturantāyāḥ goptā bharatasattama

3. Vaiśampāyana said: "O best among the Bhāratas, there was a valiant king named Duḥṣanta, who was the perpetuator of the Paurava lineage and the protector of the entire earth, which extends to its four ends."

3. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, הו מצטיין בבני בְּהַרַטַה, דוּהְשַׁנְטַה בעל העוצמה היה מייסד שושלת בני פּוּרוּ והיה שומר כל הארץ בעלת ארבע הקצוות.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पौरवाणाम् (pauravāṇām) - of the Pauravas (descendants of Puru) (of the Pauravas, pertaining to Puru's descendants)

• वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - perpetuator of the lineage (perpetuator of a lineage, founder of a dynasty, one who continues a family line)

• दुःषन्तः (duḥṣantaḥ) - King Duḥṣanta (Duḥṣanta (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valiant, powerful, heroic, strong)

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth (of the earth, of the wide one)

• चतुरन्तायाः (caturantāyāḥ) - of the four-cornered (earth), extending to its four ends (of the four-cornered, of the one with four ends/borders, extending to the four ends)

• गोप्ता (goptā) - protector (protector, guardian, ruler)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bhāratas (referring to King Janamejaya) (O best of the Bhāratas, O most excellent Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vaiśampāyana

Vaiśampāyana - Name of a renowned sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular

From the root 'vac' (वाच्) meaning 'to speak', in the perfect tense (Lit लकार).

Root: vac (class 2)

पौरवाणाम् (pauravāṇām) - of the Pauravas (descendants of Puru) (of the Pauravas, pertaining to Puru's descendants)

(common noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paurava

paurava - a descendant of Puru, belonging to the Puru dynasty

Derived from 'Puru' (पुरु) with the 'aṇ' (अण्) suffix, indicating 'descendant of'.

वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - perpetuator of the lineage (perpetuator of a lineage, founder of a dynasty, one who continues a family line)

(common noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaṃśakara

vaṁśakara - one who makes a lineage, founder or continuator of a family/dynasty

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaṃśa+kara)

• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, clan, bamboo
  common noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causer, hand, ray, tax
  common noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (कृ) meaning 'to do, to make' with the 'a' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुःषन्तः (duḥṣantaḥ) - King Duḥṣanta (Duḥṣanta (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥṣanta

duḥṣanta - Name of a legendary king, husband of Śakuntalā and father of Bharata

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valiant, powerful, heroic, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - possessed of valor, powerful, heroic, vigorous

Derived from 'vīrya' (वीर्य) meaning 'valor, strength, power' with the 'matup' (मतुप्) suffix, indicating 'possessed of'.

Note: Masculine nominative singular form.

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth (of the earth, of the wide one)

(common noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - the earth, land, ground; the wide one

चतुरन्तायाः (caturantāyāḥ) - of the four-cornered (earth), extending to its four ends (of the four-cornered, of the one with four ends/borders, extending to the four ends)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of caturantā

caturantā - having four ends or corners, four-sided, referring to the entire earth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+anta)

• catur – four
  numeral
• anta – end, border, side, limit
  common noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine genitive singular, agreeing with 'pṛthivyāḥ'.

गोप्ता (goptā) - protector (protector, guardian, ruler)

(common noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goptṛ

goptṛ - protector, guardian, preserver, ruler

Agent noun

Derived from the root 'gup' (गुप्) meaning 'to protect' with the 'tṛC' (तृच्) suffix, forming an agent noun.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular form of 'goptṛ'.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bhāratas (referring to King Janamejaya) (O best of the Bhāratas, O most excellent Bhārata)

(common noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best among the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty
  common noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (सत्) meaning 'good, excellent'.

Note: Vocative singular form, used as an address.

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