महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-62, verse-3

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
पौरवाणां वंशकरो दुःषन्तो नाम वीर्यवान् ।
पृथिव्याश्चतुरन्ताया गोप्ता भरतसत्तम ॥३॥

3. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pauravāṇāṁ vaṁśakaro duḥṣanto nāma vīryavān ,
pṛthivyāścaturantāyā goptā bharatasattama.

3. Vaiśampāyana uvāca pauravāṇām vaṃśakaraḥ duḥṣantaḥ nāma
vīryavān pṛthivyāḥ caturantāyāḥ goptā bharatasattama

3. Vaiśampāyana said: "O best among the Bhāratas, there was a valiant king named Duḥṣanta, who was the perpetuator of the Paurava lineage and the protector of the entire earth, which extends to its four ends."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पौरवाणाम् (pauravāṇām) - of the Pauravas (descendants of Puru) (of the Pauravas, pertaining to Puru's descendants)

• वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - perpetuator of the lineage (perpetuator of a lineage, founder of a dynasty, one who continues a family line)

• दुःषन्तः (duḥṣantaḥ) - King Duḥṣanta (Duḥṣanta (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valiant, powerful, heroic, strong)

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth (of the earth, of the wide one)

• चतुरन्तायाः (caturantāyāḥ) - of the four-cornered (earth), extending to its four ends (of the four-cornered, of the one with four ends/borders, extending to the four ends)

• गोप्ता (goptā) - protector (protector, guardian, ruler)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bhāratas (referring to King Janamejaya) (O best of the Bhāratas, O most excellent Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vaiśampāyana

Vaiśampāyana - Name of a renowned sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular

From the root 'vac' (वाच्) meaning 'to speak', in the perfect tense (Lit लकार).

Root: vac (class 2)

पौरवाणाम् (pauravāṇām) - of the Pauravas (descendants of Puru) (of the Pauravas, pertaining to Puru's descendants)

(common noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paurava

paurava - a descendant of Puru, belonging to the Puru dynasty

Derived from 'Puru' (पुरु) with the 'aṇ' (अण्) suffix, indicating 'descendant of'.

वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - perpetuator of the lineage (perpetuator of a lineage, founder of a dynasty, one who continues a family line)

(common noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaṃśakara

vaṁśakara - one who makes a lineage, founder or continuator of a family/dynasty

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaṃśa+kara)

• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, clan, bamboo
  common noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causer, hand, ray, tax
  common noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (कृ) meaning 'to do, to make' with the 'a' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुःषन्तः (duḥṣantaḥ) - King Duḥṣanta (Duḥṣanta (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥṣanta

duḥṣanta - Name of a legendary king, husband of Śakuntalā and father of Bharata

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valiant, powerful, heroic, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - possessed of valor, powerful, heroic, vigorous

Derived from 'vīrya' (वीर्य) meaning 'valor, strength, power' with the 'matup' (मतुप्) suffix, indicating 'possessed of'.

Note: Masculine nominative singular form.

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth (of the earth, of the wide one)

(common noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - the earth, land, ground; the wide one

चतुरन्तायाः (caturantāyāḥ) - of the four-cornered (earth), extending to its four ends (of the four-cornered, of the one with four ends/borders, extending to the four ends)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of caturantā

caturantā - having four ends or corners, four-sided, referring to the entire earth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+anta)

• catur – four
  numeral
• anta – end, border, side, limit
  common noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine genitive singular, agreeing with 'pṛthivyāḥ'.

गोप्ता (goptā) - protector (protector, guardian, ruler)

(common noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goptṛ

goptṛ - protector, guardian, preserver, ruler

Agent noun

Derived from the root 'gup' (गुप्) meaning 'to protect' with the 'tṛC' (तृच्) suffix, forming an agent noun.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular form of 'goptṛ'.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bhāratas (referring to King Janamejaya) (O best of the Bhāratas, O most excellent Bhārata)

(common noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best among the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty
  common noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (सत्) meaning 'good, excellent'.

Note: Vocative singular form, used as an address.