भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-12, verse-12
श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज्ज्ञानाद्ध्यानं विशिष्यते ।
ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम् ॥१२॥
ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम् ॥१२॥
12. śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsājjñānāddhyānaṁ viśiṣyate ,
dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram.
dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram.
12.
śreyaḥ hi jñānam abhyāsāt jñānāt dhyānam viśiṣyate
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgaḥ tyāgāt śāntiḥ anantaram
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgaḥ tyāgāt śāntiḥ anantaram
12.
hi abhyāsāt jñānam śreyaḥ jñānāt dhyānam viśiṣyate
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgaḥ tyāgāt anantaram śāntiḥ
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgaḥ tyāgāt anantaram śāntiḥ
12.
Indeed, knowledge is superior to spiritual practice (abhyāsa). Meditation (dhyāna) is considered superior to knowledge. The renunciation of the fruits of action is superior to meditation (dhyāna). From such renunciation, peace follows immediately.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - superior, better, good, welfare
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for
- ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge
- अभ्यासात् (abhyāsāt) - than practice, from practice
- ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - than knowledge, from knowledge
- ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation
- विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is superior, is distinguished, excels
- ध्यानात् (dhyānāt) - than meditation, from meditation
- कर्म-फल-त्यागः (karma-phala-tyāgaḥ) - renunciation of the fruits of action
- त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from renunciation
- शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility
- अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, without interval
Words meanings and morphology
श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - superior, better, good, welfare
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas
śreyas - better, superior, excellent, welfare, bliss
Comparative form of 'śrī' (good fortune, prosperity) or related to 'praśasta' (excellent).
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for
(indeclinable)
ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know).
Root: jñā (class 9)
अभ्यासात् (abhyāsāt) - than practice, from practice
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of abhyāsa
abhyāsa - practice, spiritual discipline, repetition, study
Derived from 'abhi' (prefix) and the root 'as' (to throw, to cast; here implying effort/application).
Prefix: abhi
Root: as (class 4)
Note: Used here in a comparative sense: 'superior to practice'.
ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - than knowledge, from knowledge
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know).
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Used here in a comparative sense: 'superior to knowledge'.
ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dhyāna
dhyāna - meditation, contemplation, thought (dhyāna)
Derived from the root 'dhyai' (to contemplate, meditate).
Root: dhyai (class 1)
विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is superior, is distinguished, excels
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vi-śiṣ
present passive
Present passive, 3rd person singular of the root 'śiṣ' (to be left, to distinguish) with prefix 'vi'.
Prefix: vi
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
ध्यानात् (dhyānāt) - than meditation, from meditation
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of dhyāna
dhyāna - meditation, contemplation, thought (dhyāna)
Derived from the root 'dhyai' (to contemplate, meditate).
Root: dhyai (class 1)
Note: Used here in a comparative sense: 'superior to meditation'.
कर्म-फल-त्यागः (karma-phala-tyāgaḥ) - renunciation of the fruits of action
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of karma-phala-tyāga
karma-phala-tyāga - renunciation of the fruits of action
Tatpurusha compound: 'tyāga' (renunciation) of 'phala' (fruits) of 'karma' (actions).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+phala+tyāga)
- karma – action, deed, work
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - phala – fruit, result, consequence
noun (neuter) - tyāga – renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
noun (masculine)
Derived from the root 'tyaj' (to abandon, renounce).
Root: tyaj (class 1)
त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from renunciation
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tyāga
tyāga - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
Derived from the root 'tyaj' (to abandon, renounce).
Root: tyaj (class 1)
शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of śānti
śānti - peace, tranquility, calm, quiet
Derived from the root 'śam' (to be calm, pacify).
Root: śam (class 4)
अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, without interval
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'an' (negative prefix) and 'antara' (interval, difference). Often used adverbially.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+antara)
- an – not, non, without
indeclinable - antara – interval, intermediate, interior, difference
noun (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter).