योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-107, verse-11

अजातेनासतार्थेन खेन व्यवहरन्ति ये ।
मूढा मृतमजातं वा तनयं पालयन्ति ते ॥ ११ ॥

ajātenāsatārthena khena vyavaharanti ye ,
mūḍhā mṛtamajātaṃ vā tanayaṃ pālayanti te 11

11. ajātena asatā arthena khena vyavaharanti ye
mūḍhāḥ mṛtam ajātam vā tanayam pālayanti te

11. ye mūḍhāḥ ajātena asatā arthena khena vyavaharanti,
te mṛtam vā ajātam tanayam pālayanti.

11. Those foolish ones who interact with unreal objects that are unborn, like the sky, are just like those who try to nurture a dead or unborn son.

Words meanings summery:

• अजातेन (ajātena) - by the unborn, by the unproduced

• असता (asatā) - by the unreal, by the non-existent, by the false

• अर्थेन (arthena) - Here, referring to an 'object' or 'thing' of engagement. (by the object, by the thing, by the purpose, by wealth)

• खेन (khena) - Used as an example of an 'unreal object'. (by the sky, by space, by emptiness)

• व्यवहरन्ति (vyavaharanti) - they deal with, they act towards, they interact, they perform

• ये (ye) - those who

• मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - foolish ones, deluded ones, ignorant people

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead

• अजातम् (ajātam) - unborn, not born

• वा (vā) - or, either... or, indeed, even

• तनयम् (tanayam) - son, offspring

• पालयन्ति (pālayanti) - they protect, they guard, they nurture

• ते (te) - they, those

Words meanings and morphology

अजातेन (ajātena) - by the unborn, by the unproduced

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ajāta

ajāta - unborn, unproduced, not born

past passive participle

Negation (a) of 'jāta' (born, produced); instrumental singular masculine/neuter.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jāta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced, grown
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies `arthena`.

असता (asatā) - by the unreal, by the non-existent, by the false

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of asat

asat - unreal, non-existent, false; evil, bad

present active participle

Negation (a) of 'sat' (being, existent); instrumental singular masculine/neuter.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – existing, real, good
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  Present active participle of 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies `arthena`.

अर्थेन (arthena) - Here, referring to an 'object' or 'thing' of engagement. (by the object, by the thing, by the purpose, by wealth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of artha

artha - object, thing, meaning, purpose, wealth

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter.

Note: The object of the verb `vyavaharanti` expressed in the instrumental case.

खेन (khena) - Used as an example of an 'unreal object'. (by the sky, by space, by emptiness)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, space, ether, emptiness

Instrumental singular neuter.

Note: Acts as an example, in apposition to `arthena`.

व्यवहरन्ति (vyavaharanti) - they deal with, they act towards, they interact, they perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyavahṛ

present tense

3rd person plural present active.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which

Relative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - foolish ones, deluded ones, ignorant people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, deluded, ignorant; also as noun 'a fool'

past passive participle

From root 'muh' (to be confused, deluded); masculine plural nominative.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the main clause, coreferential with `ye` and `te`.

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

past passive participle

From root 'mṛ' (to die); masculine singular accusative.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Modifies `tanayam`.

अजातम् (ajātam) - unborn, not born

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajāta

ajāta - unborn, unproduced, not born

past passive participle

Negation (a) of 'jāta' (born, produced); masculine singular accusative.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jāta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced, grown
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies `tanayam`.

वा (vā) - or, either... or, indeed, even

(indeclinable)

तनयम् (tanayam) - son, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring, child

Masculine singular accusative.

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of `pālayanti`.

पालयन्ति (pālayanti) - they protect, they guard, they nurture

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pāl

present tense

3rd person plural present active.

Root: pāl (class 10)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

Note: Subject of `pālayanti`.