योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-11, verse-21

श्रीराम उवाच ।
एवं चेत्तत्कथं ब्रह्मन्सुघनप्रत्ययं वद ।
इदं दृश्यविषं जातमसत्स्वप्नानुभूतिवत् ॥ २१ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
evaṃ cettatkathaṃ brahmansughanapratyayaṃ vada ,
idaṃ dṛśyaviṣaṃ jātamasatsvapnānubhūtivat 21

21. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca evam cet tat katham brahman sughana
pratyayam vada idam dṛśyaviṣam jātam asat svapnānubhūtivat

21. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca brahman,
evam cet,
tat katham sughana pratyayam vada? idam dṛśyaviṣam asat svapnānubhūtivat jātam.

21. Śrī Rāma said: O Brahman, if this is so, then please explain how this profoundly dense conviction concerning the visible world—this visible poison—has arisen, as if it were an experience of a non-existent dream.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Lord Rāma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• चेत् (cet) - if

• तत् (tat) - then, therefore

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Used in vocative to address sage Vasiṣṭha (O Brahman (addressing a sage))

• सुघन (sughana) - very dense, very firm, profound

• प्रत्ययम् (pratyayam) - conviction, belief, notion, perception

• वद (vada) - tell, speak, explain

• इदम् (idam) - this

• दृश्यविषम् (dṛśyaviṣam) - visible poison, the poisonous nature of the visible world

• जातम् (jātam) - arisen, born, come into being

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

• स्वप्नानुभूतिवत् (svapnānubhūtivat) - like the experience of a non-existent dream (like a dream experience)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Lord Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rāma

Compound type : karmadharaya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – glory, splendor, prosperity, beauty
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – Rāma, charming, pleasing
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - then, therefore

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Used in vocative to address sage Vasiṣṭha (O Brahman (addressing a sage))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a Brahmin, a priest, the Absolute (brahman)

सुघन (sughana) - very dense, very firm, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sughana

sughana - very dense, very firm, exceedingly thick

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+ghana)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• ghana – dense, firm, solid, compact
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'pratyayam'

प्रत्ययम् (pratyayam) - conviction, belief, notion, perception

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyaya

pratyaya - conviction, belief, idea, notion, perception, trust

Prefixes: prati+i

Root: i (class 2)

वद (vada) - tell, speak, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vad

root verb, imperative mood, parasmaipada

Root: vad (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

दृश्यविषम् (dṛśyaviṣam) - visible poison, the poisonous nature of the visible world

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛśyaviṣa

dṛśyaviṣa - visible poison, the world as poison

Compound type : karmadharaya (dṛśya+viṣa)

• dṛśya – visible, to be seen, object of sight
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root dṛś with suffix -ya
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

जातम् (jātam) - arisen, born, come into being

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate here.

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, untrue

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, real, good, true
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies `svapnānubhūti` implicitly through `svapnānubhūtivat`.

स्वप्नानुभूतिवत् (svapnānubhūtivat) - like the experience of a non-existent dream (like a dream experience)

(indeclinable)

Compound ending in -vat (like)

Compound type : tatpurusha, with vat suffix (svapna+anubhūti+vat)

• svapna – dream, sleep
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svap (class 2)
• anubhūti – experience, perception, apprehension
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• vat – like, as if, similar to
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating similarity