वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-91, verse-11

धनरत्नौघसंपूर्णो काननैरुपशोभिते ।
अन्योन्यसंघर्षकृते स्पर्धया गुणविस्तरे ॥११॥

11. dhanaratnaughasaṃpūrṇo kānanairupaśobhite ,
anyonyasaṃgharṣakṛte spardhayā guṇavistare.

11. dhanaratnaughasaṃpūrṇau kānanaiḥ upaśobhite
anyonyasaṃgharṣakṛte spardhayā guṇavistare

11. (ubhe purottame) dhanaratnaughasaṃpūrṇau kānanaiḥ upaśobhite,
spardhayā guṇavistare anyonyasaṃgharṣakṛte (babhūvatuḥ).

11. Both (cities) were filled with abundant wealth and jewels, adorned with groves, engaged in mutual rivalry for the expansion of their excellent qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• धनरत्नौघसंपूर्णौ (dhanaratnaughasaṁpūrṇau) - both cities were filled with vast wealth and jewels (full of heaps of wealth and jewels)

• काननैः (kānanaiḥ) - adorned by groves (or gardens) (by groves, by forests)

• उपशोभिते (upaśobhite) - both cities were adorned (with groves) (adorned, beautified)

• अन्योन्यसंघर्षकृते (anyonyasaṁgharṣakṛte) - both cities engaged in mutual rivalry (creating mutual competition/rivalry)

• स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - due to competition (by rivalry, by competition)

• गुणविस्तरे (guṇavistare) - in the development of excellent qualities (in the expansion of qualities/virtues)

Words meanings and morphology

धनरत्नौघसंपूर्णौ (dhanaratnaughasaṁpūrṇau) - both cities were filled with vast wealth and jewels (full of heaps of wealth and jewels)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of dhanaratnaughasaṃpūrṇa

dhanaratnaughasaṁpūrṇa - filled with heaps of riches and jewels

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+ratna+ogha+saṃpūrṇa)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• ratna – jewel, gem, precious object
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, stream, heap, abundance, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• saṃpūrṇa – full, complete, filled with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṝ (to fill) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pṝ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'purottame' (the two excellent cities).

काननैः (kānanaiḥ) - adorned by groves (or gardens) (by groves, by forests)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kānana

kānana - forest, grove, garden

उपशोभिते (upaśobhite) - both cities were adorned (with groves) (adorned, beautified)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of upaśobhita

upaśobhita - adorned, beautified, decorated

Past Passive Participle

From root śubh (to shine, be beautiful) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: The cities are feminine, hence the feminine dual form.

अन्योन्यसंघर्षकृते (anyonyasaṁgharṣakṛte) - both cities engaged in mutual rivalry (creating mutual competition/rivalry)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, dual of anyonyasaṃgharṣakṛt

anyonyasaṁgharṣakṛt - creating mutual conflict/competition

Compound formed with kṛt (doer) at the end.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (anyonya+saṃgharṣa+kṛt)

• anyonya – mutual, reciprocal
  pronoun/adjective
• saṃgharṣa – friction, conflict, rivalry, competition
  noun (masculine)
  From root ghṛṣ (to rub, grind) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)
• kṛt – maker, doer, causing
  adjective
  Suffix -kṛt (from root kṛ 'to do').
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This word is in locative dual, agreeing with the implied 'purottame' when used with 'guṇavistare'.

स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - due to competition (by rivalry, by competition)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation

From root spardh (to vie, contend).

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause/instrument.

गुणविस्तरे (guṇavistare) - in the development of excellent qualities (in the expansion of qualities/virtues)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guṇavistara

guṇavistara - expansion/development of good qualities/virtues

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (guṇa+vistara)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, excellence
  noun (masculine)
• vistara – expansion, extension, development, detail
  noun (masculine)
  From root stṛ (to spread) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: The locative indicates the sphere or objective of the rivalry.

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