वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-7, verse-31

परिवृत्ते ऽर्धरात्रे तु पाननिद्रावशं गतम् ।
क्रीडित्वोपरतं रात्रौ सुष्वाप बलवत्तदा ॥३१॥

31. parivṛtte'rdharātre tu pānanidrāvaśaṃ gatam ,
krīḍitvoparataṃ rātrau suṣvāpa balavattadā.

31. parivṛtte ardha-rātre tu pāna-nidrā-vaśam gatam
| krīḍitvā uparatam rātrau suṣvāpa balavat tadā

31. ardha-rātre parivṛtte tu pāna-nidrā-vaśam gatam
krīḍitvā uparatam rātrau tadā balavat suṣvāpa

31. When midnight arrived, [he] had succumbed to the influence of drink and sleep. Having played and then ceased his activities during the night, he then slept soundly.

Words meanings summery:

• परिवृत्ते (parivṛtte) - when it (midnight) had arrived/passed (having turned, having elapsed, arrived (locative absolute))

• अर्ध-रात्रे (ardha-rātre) - at midnight, in the middle of the night

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• पान-निद्रा-वशम् (pāna-nidrā-vaśam) - under the sway of drink and sleep

• गतम् (gatam) - having fallen under the sway (of drink and sleep) (having gone, fallen into, reached)

• क्रीडित्वा (krīḍitvā) - having played

• उपरतम् (uparatam) - having ceased, stopped

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - he slept

• बलवत् (balavat) - slept soundly (strongly, powerfully, soundly)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

परिवृत्ते (parivṛtte) - when it (midnight) had arrived/passed (having turned, having elapsed, arrived (locative absolute))

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of parivṛtta

parivṛtta - turned, rolled, elapsed, occurred, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt- 'to turn, exist' with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

अर्ध-रात्रे (ardha-rātre) - at midnight, in the middle of the night

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ardha-rātra

ardha-rātra - midnight, middle of the night

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• rātra – night (often derived from rātri)
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

पान-निद्रा-वशम् (pāna-nidrā-vaśam) - under the sway of drink and sleep

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāna-nidrā-vaśa

pāna-nidrā-vaśa - sway of drinking and sleep

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (pāna+nidrā+vaśa)

• pāna – drinking, drink
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pā (class 1)
• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)

गतम् (gatam) - having fallen under the sway (of drink and sleep) (having gone, fallen into, reached)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From root gam- 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject (Ravana)

क्रीडित्वा (krīḍitvā) - having played

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with -tvā suffix

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

उपरतम् (uparatam) - having ceased, stopped

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uparata

uparata - ceased, stopped, desisted, refrained

Past Passive Participle

From root ram- 'to stop, rest' with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject (Ravana)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - he slept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of svap

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: svap (class 2)

बलवत् (balavat) - slept soundly (strongly, powerfully, soundly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

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