वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-7, verse-39

याश्च्यवन्ते ऽम्बरात्ताराः पुण्यशेषसमावृताः ।
इमास्ताः संगताः कृत्स्ना इति मेने हरिस्तदा ॥३९॥

39. yāścyavante'mbarāttārāḥ puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛtāḥ ,
imāstāḥ saṃgatāḥ kṛtsnā iti mene haristadā.

39. yāḥ cyavante ambarāt tārāḥ puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛtāḥ
imāḥ tāḥ saṃgatāḥ kṛtsnāḥ iti mene hariḥ tadā

39. tadā hariḥ iti mene ambarāt yāḥ tārāḥ
puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛtāḥ cyavante imāḥ tāḥ kṛtsnāḥ saṃgatāḥ

39. Then Hanumān thought, 'These women are certainly those stars that descend from the sky, having exhausted most of their merit, and are now fully assembled here.'

Words meanings summery:

• याः (yāḥ) - which, who

• च्यवन्ते (cyavante) - they fall, they descend

• अम्बरात् (ambarāt) - from the sky, from the atmosphere

• ताराः (tārāḥ) - stars

• पुण्यशेषसमावृताः (puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛtāḥ) - covered with residual merit, indicating nearing exhaustion of merit (covered/accompanied by the remainder of merit)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these women Hanumān is observing (these (feminine plural))

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

• संगताः (saṁgatāḥ) - assembled, met, gathered

• कृत्स्नाः (kṛtsnāḥ) - entire, whole, complete, all

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, indicating direct speech or thought

• मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered

• हरिः (hariḥ) - Hanumān (Hanumān (lit. tawny, lion, monkey))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

याः (yāḥ) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to tārāḥ.

च्यवन्ते (cyavante) - they fall, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of cyu

Root: cyu (class 1)

अम्बरात् (ambarāt) - from the sky, from the atmosphere

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, cloth

ताराः (tārāḥ) - stars

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tārā

tārā - a star

Note: Subject of the clause 'yāḥ cyavante'.

पुण्यशेषसमावृताः (puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛtāḥ) - covered with residual merit, indicating nearing exhaustion of merit (covered/accompanied by the remainder of merit)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛta

puṇyaśeṣasamāvṛta - covered by residual merit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+śeṣa+samāvṛta)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed
  noun (neuter)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, remnant
  noun (masculine)
• samāvṛta – completely covered, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes sam- and ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies tārāḥ. Implies that their merit is nearly exhausted, causing them to fall.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these women Hanumān is observing (these (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Predicate nominative, referring back to the falling stars.

संगताः (saṁgatāḥ) - assembled, met, gathered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saṃgata

saṁgata - assembled, met, joined

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √gam (to go) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies imāḥ and tāḥ.

कृत्स्नाः (kṛtsnāḥ) - entire, whole, complete, all

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete, all

Note: Qualifies imāḥ and tāḥ, emphasizing 'all of them'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, indicating direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of man

Perfect

Root: man (class 4)

हरिः (hariḥ) - Hanumān (Hanumān (lit. tawny, lion, monkey))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - tawny, yellow, green, lion, monkey, Viṣṇu, Indra

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad + suffix -dā

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