वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-64, verse-15

मधुरा मधुरालापा किमाह मम भामिनी ।
मद्विहीना वरारोहा हनुमन् कथयस्व मे ।
दुःखाद्दुःखतरं प्राप्य कथं जीवति जानकी ॥१५॥

15. madhurā madhurālāpā kimāha mama bhāminī ,
madvihīnā varārohā hanuman kathayasva me ,
duḥkhādduḥkhataraṃ prāpya kathaṃ jīvati jānakī.

15. madhurā madhurālāpā kim āha mama
bhāminī mat vihīnā varārohā
hanuman kathayasva me duḥkhāt
duḥkhataram prāpya katham jīvati jānakī

15. hanuman,
mama madhurā madhurālāpā bhāminī kim āha,
me kathayasva mat vihīnā varārohā jānakī duḥkhāt duḥkhataram prāpya katham jīvati

15. What did my sweet, sweet-speaking beloved say? O Hanuman, tell me, how does Janaki, the beautiful-hipped one, live, having encountered even greater sorrow, separated as she is from me?

Words meanings summery:

• मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet (sweet, pleasant (feminine nominative singular))

• मधुरालापा (madhurālāpā) - sweet-speaking (sweet-speaking, having sweet words (feminine nominative singular))

• किम् (kim) - what (what (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• आह (āha) - said (said, spoke (3rd singular perfect active))

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• भामिनी (bhāminī) - beloved woman (passionate woman, beloved woman, angry woman (feminine nominative singular))

• मत् (mat) - from me (from me (ablative singular of 'aham'))

• विहीना (vihīnā) - separated (from me) (separated, devoid of (feminine nominative singular))

• वरारोहा (varārohā) - O beautiful-hipped one (referring to Janaki) (O beautiful-hipped one (feminine vocative singular))

• हनुमन् (hanuman) - O Hanuman (O Hanuman (proper noun, masculine vocative singular))

• कथयस्व (kathayasva) - tell (tell, narrate (2nd singular imperative middle))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me (dative/genitive singular of 'aham'))

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - than sorrow (for comparison) (from sorrow, than sorrow (neuter ablative singular))

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - greater sorrow (more sorrowful, greater sorrow (neuter accusative singular comparative adjective))

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having experienced (having obtained, having reached, having undergone (absolutive))

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what way)

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, survives (lives, survives (3rd singular present active))

• जानकी (jānakī) - Janaki (Sita) (Janaki, Sita (proper noun, feminine nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet (sweet, pleasant (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming

Note: Modifies 'bhāminī'.

मधुरालापा (madhurālāpā) - sweet-speaking (sweet-speaking, having sweet words (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of madhurālāpā

madhurālāpā - sweet-speaking, having sweet words

Compound type : bahuvrihi (madhura+ālāpa)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine)
• ālāpa – speech, conversation
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ā-lap' (to speak)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'bhāminī'.

किम् (kim) - what (what (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - said (said, spoke (3rd singular perfect active))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of brū

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of root 'brū' (class 2)

Root: brū (class 2)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

भामिनी (bhāminī) - beloved woman (passionate woman, beloved woman, angry woman (feminine nominative singular))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - passionate woman, beloved woman, charming woman

Derived from root 'bhā' (to shine)

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

मत् (mat) - from me (from me (ablative singular of 'aham'))

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Forms a compound-like phrase with 'vihīnā'.

विहीना (vihīnā) - separated (from me) (separated, devoid of (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - devoid of, separated from, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of 'vi-hā' (to abandon)

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'Jānakī'. Forms a compound-like phrase with 'mat'.

वरारोहा (varārohā) - O beautiful-hipped one (referring to Janaki) (O beautiful-hipped one (feminine vocative singular))

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of varārohā

varārohā - beautiful-hipped, having excellent hips

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vara+āroha)

• vara – excellent, best, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• āroha – ascent, rising, hip, buttock
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ā-ruh' (to ascend)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

हनुमन् (hanuman) - O Hanuman (O Hanuman (proper noun, masculine vocative singular))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanuman (proper noun)

कथयस्व (kathayasva) - tell (tell, narrate (2nd singular imperative middle))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Present Middle Imperative

2nd singular imperative middle of root 'kath' (class 10, U)

Root: kath (class 10)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me (dative/genitive singular of 'aham'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - than sorrow (for comparison) (from sorrow, than sorrow (neuter ablative singular))

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain

Note: Used with a comparative adjective.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - greater sorrow (more sorrowful, greater sorrow (neuter accusative singular comparative adjective))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful

Comparative form of 'duḥkha' (sorrowful) with suffix '-tara'.

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having experienced (having obtained, having reached, having undergone (absolutive))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive of root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what way)

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, survives (lives, survives (3rd singular present active))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active

3rd singular present active of root 'jīv' (class 1, P)

Root: jīv (class 1)

जानकी (jānakī) - Janaki (Sita) (Janaki, Sita (proper noun, feminine nominative singular))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jānakī

jānakī - Janaki, Sita (proper noun)

Daughter of Janaka, another name for Sita

Note: Subject of 'jīvati'.