वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-6, verse-16

ततः स तां कपिरभिपत्य पूजितां चरन्पुरीं दशमुखबाहुपालिताम् ।
अदृश्य तां जनकसुतां सुपूजितां सुदुःखितां पतिगुणवेगनिर्जिताम् ॥१६॥

16. tataḥ sa tāṃ kapirabhipatya pūjitāṃ caranpurīṃ daśamukhabāhupālitām ,
adṛśya tāṃ janakasutāṃ supūjitāṃ suduḥkhitāṃ patiguṇaveganirjitām.

16. tataḥ saḥ tām kapiḥ abhipatya pūjitām
caran purīm daśamukhabāhupālitām
adṛśya tām janakasutām supūjitām
suduḥkhitām patiguṇaveganirjitām

16. Then, the monkey (Hanuman), while wandering through that revered city, which was protected by the arms of Daśamukha (Rāvaṇa), reached her (Sītā). He beheld Janaka's daughter (Sītā), who, though highly honored, was deeply distressed and overcome by the powerful virtues of her husband (Rāma).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सः (saḥ) - Hanuman (he, that)

• ताम् (tām) - the city (her, that (feminine))

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanuman (monkey)

• अभिपत्य (abhipatya) - having flown towards, having reached

• पूजिताम् (pūjitām) - revered (city) (honored, revered, worshipped)

• चरन् (caran) - wandering (through the city) (wandering, moving)

• पुरीम् (purīm) - city, town

• दशमुखबाहुपालिताम् (daśamukhabāhupālitām) - protected by the arms of Daśamukha (Rāvaṇa)

• अदृश्य (adṛśya) - he saw, he beheld

• ताम् (tām) - Sita (her, that (feminine))

• जनकसुताम् (janakasutām) - Janaka's daughter, Sītā

• सुपूजिताम् (supūjitām) - greatly honored, well-regarded

• सुदुःखिताम् (suduḥkhitām) - very distressed, greatly sorrowful

• पतिगुणवेगनिर्जिताम् (patiguṇaveganirjitām) - overcome by the force of her husband's virtues

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Hanuman (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to kapiḥ.

ताम् (tām) - the city (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to purīm.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanuman (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अभिपत्य (abhipatya) - having flown towards, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix 'abhi-' + root 'pat' + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Gerund / Absolutive.

पूजिताम् (pūjitām) - revered (city) (honored, revered, worshipped)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūjita

pūjita - honored, revered, worshipped, adored

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root pūj (to honor, worship)

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

चरन् (caran) - wandering (through the city) (wandering, moving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - wandering, moving, going

Present Active Participle

Formed from root car (to move, wander)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Present Active Participle.

पुरीम् (purīm) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, stronghold

दशमुखबाहुपालिताम् (daśamukhabāhupālitām) - protected by the arms of Daśamukha (Rāvaṇa)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of daśamukhabāhupālita

daśamukhabāhupālita - protected by the arms of Daśamukha

Past Passive Participle (in a compound)

Compound: daśamukha (Rāvaṇa) + bāhu (arm) + pālitā (protected)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśamukha+bāhu+pālita)

• daśamukha – Daśamukha (Rāvaṇa, 'ten-faced')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: daśa (ten) + mukha (face)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• pālita – protected, guarded
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root pāl (to protect)
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

अदृश्य (adṛśya) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Aorist (Luṅ) of dṛś

Aorist Middle

Aorist 3rd singular middle form of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Finite verb, subject is kapiḥ.

ताम् (tām) - Sita (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to Janaka's daughter.

जनकसुताम् (janakasutām) - Janaka's daughter, Sītā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of janakasutā

janakasutā - daughter of Janaka

Compound: janaka (Janaka) + sutā (daughter)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janaka+sutā)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sutā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of suta (son), from su (to procreate)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Direct object of adṛśya.

सुपूजिताम् (supūjitām) - greatly honored, well-regarded

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of supūjita

supūjita - greatly honored, well-regarded, worshipped

Past Passive Participle (in a compound)

Compound: su (well, greatly) + pūjita (honored)

Compound type : pradi-tatpurusha (su+pūjita)

• su – well, good, greatly
  indeclinable
• pūjita – honored, revered, worshipped
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root pūj (to honor, worship)
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

सुदुःखिताम् (suduḥkhitām) - very distressed, greatly sorrowful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, greatly sorrowful, extremely unhappy

Past Passive Participle (in a compound)

Compound: su (very) + duḥkhita (distressed)

Compound type : pradi-tatpurusha (su+duḥkhita)

• su – well, good, greatly
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, sad, suffering
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root duḥkh (to suffer, be sad)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

पतिगुणवेगनिर्जिताम् (patiguṇaveganirjitām) - overcome by the force of her husband's virtues

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patiguṇaveganirjitā

patiguṇaveganirjitā - overcome by the force/power of husband's virtues

Past Passive Participle (in a compound)

Compound: patiguṇa (husband's virtues) + vega (force) + nirjitā (overcome)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (patiguṇa+vega+nirjitā)

• patiguṇa – husband's virtues
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: pati (husband) + guṇa (virtue, quality)
• vega – force, speed, impulse
  noun (masculine)
• nirjitā – conquered, overcome, subdued
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed with prefix 'nir-' + root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

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