वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-89, verse-11

तांश्चातिवल्गु वचसो रथाङ्गाह्वयना द्विजाः ।
अधिरोहन्ति कल्याणि निष्कूजन्तः शुभा गिरः ॥११॥

11. tāṃścātivalgu vacaso rathāṅgāhvayanā dvijāḥ ,
adhirohanti kalyāṇi niṣkūjantaḥ śubhā giraḥ.

11. tān ca ativālgu vacasaḥ rathāṅgāhvayanāḥ dvijāḥ
adhirohanti kalyāṇi niṣkūjantaḥ śubhāḥ giraḥ

11. kalyāṇi ativālgu vacasaḥ rathāṅgāhvayanāḥ dvijāḥ
ca tān niṣkūjantaḥ śubhāḥ giraḥ adhirohanti

11. And, O beautiful one, the cakravāka birds (dvijāḥ), whose voices are exceedingly sweet, alight upon those (flowers), chirping auspicious sounds.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (flowers from the previous verse) (those)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अतिवाल्गु (ativālgu) - very sweet (describing voices) (very sweet, exceedingly beautiful/charming)

• वचसः (vacasaḥ) - (whose) voices (are sweet) (of speech, of voice, voices)

• रथाङ्गाह्वयनाः (rathāṅgāhvayanāḥ) - (the birds) named Cakravāka (named Cakravāka, calling like Cakravāka)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (literally 'twice-born' referring to birds hatching from eggs) (twice-born ones)

• अधिरोहन्ति (adhirohanti) - alight upon (the flowers) (they ascend, they mount, they climb upon)

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - Addressing Sītā (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

• निष्कूजन्तः (niṣkūjantaḥ) - chirping (as birds do) (chirping, making sounds, singing)

• शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious (sounds) (auspicious, beautiful, good)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - sounds (made by birds) (sounds, voices, words, speeches)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (flowers from the previous verse) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

Note: Object of 'adhirohanti'. Refers to the flowers mentioned in the previous verse.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement to the previous description.

अतिवाल्गु (ativālgu) - very sweet (describing voices) (very sweet, exceedingly beautiful/charming)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ativālgu

ativālgu - exceedingly sweet, very charming

Prefix 'ati-' (exceedingly) + 'vālgu' (sweet, charming).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+vālgu)

• ati – excessively, very, beyond
  indeclinable
• vālgu – sweet, charming, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'vacasaḥ'.

वचसः (vacasaḥ) - (whose) voices (are sweet) (of speech, of voice, voices)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice, sound

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to the voices of the birds, which are described as 'ativālgu'.

रथाङ्गाह्वयनाः (rathāṅgāhvayanāḥ) - (the birds) named Cakravāka (named Cakravāka, calling like Cakravāka)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathāṅgāhvayana

rathāṅgāhvayana - named/called Cakravāka (a kind of bird)

Compound of 'rathāṅga' (Cakravāka) and 'āhvayana' (calling/naming).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rathāṅga+āhvayana)

• rathāṅga – part of a chariot wheel; Cakravāka bird
  noun (masculine)
• āhvayana – calling, naming, invoking
  noun (neuter)
  nominal action
  From root 'hve' (to call) with prefix 'ā-' and suffix 'ana'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijāḥ'.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (literally 'twice-born' referring to birds hatching from eggs) (twice-born ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a Brahmin; a bird; a tooth

Compound 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix 'ḍa' from 'jan'
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'adhirohanti'.

अधिरोहन्ति (adhirohanti) - alight upon (the flowers) (they ascend, they mount, they climb upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ruh

Present active indicative

Root 'ruh' with prefix 'adhi-'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - Addressing Sītā (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - beautiful, auspicious, excellent, charming woman

Feminine form of 'kalyāṇa'.

Note: Used as an address to a beloved.

निष्कूजन्तः (niṣkūjantaḥ) - chirping (as birds do) (chirping, making sounds, singing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣkūjat

niṣkūjat - chirping, sounding, humming

Present Active Participle

From root 'kūj' (to make sound) with prefix 'nis-'.

Prefix: nis

Root: kūj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijāḥ'.

शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious (sounds) (auspicious, beautiful, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śubhā

śubhā - auspicious, beautiful, good, propitious

Feminine form of 'śubha'.

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'giraḥ'.

गिरः (giraḥ) - sounds (made by birds) (sounds, voices, words, speeches)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - voice, speech, word, sound, song

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Nom. Pl. describing the sounds that are being chirped.