वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-89, verse-1

अथ शैलाद्विनिष्क्रम्य मैथिलीं कोसलेश्वरः ।
अदर्शयच्छुभजलां रम्यां मन्दाकिनीं नदीम् ॥१॥

1. atha śailādviniṣkramya maithilīṃ kosaleśvaraḥ ,
adarśayacchubhajalāṃ ramyāṃ mandākinīṃ nadīm.

1. atha śailāt viniṣkramya maithilīm kosaleśvaraḥ
adarśayat śubhajalām ramyām mandākinīm nadīm

1. atha kosaleśvaraḥ śailāt viniṣkramya maithilīm
śubhajalām ramyām mandākinīm nadīm adarśayat

1. Then, having descended from the mountain, Rāma, the lord of Kosala, showed Sītā the beautiful Mandākinī river, which had clear water.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• शैलात् (śailāt) - from the mountain, from the rock

• विनिष्क्रम्य (viniṣkramya) - having exited, having come forth, having descended

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Refers to Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithili (an epithet for Sītā))

• कोसलेश्वरः (kosaleśvaraḥ) - Refers to Rāma (lord of Kosala)

• अदर्शयत् (adarśayat) - he showed, he caused to see

• शुभजलाम् (śubhajalām) - having clear/pure water

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful, charming

• मन्दाकिनीम् (mandākinīm) - Mandākinī (proper name of a river)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

शैलात् (śailāt) - from the mountain, from the rock

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock, hill

विनिष्क्रम्य (viniṣkramya) - having exited, having come forth, having descended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

derived from vi-nis-√kram with -ya suffix

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Indicates action completed before the main verb

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Refers to Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithili (an epithet for Sītā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - daughter of Mithila, Sītā

कोसलेश्वरः (kosaleśvaraḥ) - Refers to Rāma (lord of Kosala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kosaleśvara

kosaleśvara - lord of Kosala

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kosala+īśvara)

• kosala – Kosala (name of a kingdom)
  proper noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāma

अदर्शयत् (adarśayat) - he showed, he caused to see

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of dṛś

causative aorist, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शुभजलाम् (śubhajalām) - having clear/pure water

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śubhajala

śubhajala - having clear water

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śubha+jala)

• śubha – pure, clear, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies nadīm

रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful, charming

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramyā

ramyā - beautiful, delightful, charming

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

derived from √ram with -ya suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies nadīm

मन्दाकिनीम् (mandākinīm) - Mandākinī (proper name of a river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mandākinī

mandākinī - Mandākinī river (name of a celestial river, also a river at Citrakūṭa)

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river