वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-76, verse-30

ततः समुत्थाय कुले कुले ते राजन्यवैश्या वृषलाश्च विप्राः ।
अयूयुजन्नुष्ट्ररथान् खरांश्च नागान् हयांश्चैव कुलप्रसूतान् ॥३०॥

30. tataḥ samutthāya kule kule te rājanyavaiśyā vṛṣalāśca viprāḥ ,
ayūyujannuṣṭrarathān kharāṃśca nāgān hayāṃścaiva kulaprasūtān.

30. tataḥ samutthāya kule kule te
rājanyavaiśyā vṛṣalāḥ ca viprāḥ
ayūyujan uṣṭrarathān kharān ca
nāgān hayān ca eva kulaprasūtān

30. tataḥ samutthāya kule kule te
viprāḥ rājanyavaiśyā vṛṣalāḥ ca
kulaprasūtān uṣṭrarathān kharān
ca nāgān hayān ca eva ayūyujan

30. Thereafter, rising up, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras from every clan prepared (yoked) camel-chariots, donkeys, elephants, and well-bred horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates the sequence of events after Sumantra's command. (thereafter, then, from that)

• समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - The people getting ready for the journey. (having risen up, having assembled)

• कुले (kule) - Repeated to mean 'in every clan' or 'clan by clan'. (in a clan, in a family)

• कुले (kule) - Repeated to mean 'in every clan' or 'clan by clan'. (in a clan, in a family)

• ते (te) - Refers to the groups of people mentioned subsequently. (those)

• राजन्यवैश्या (rājanyavaiśyā) - Two of the social classes responding to the call. (Kshatriyas and Vaishyas)

• वृषलाः (vṛṣalāḥ) - The fourth social class participating. (Shudras, low-caste persons)

• च (ca) - Connects the various social classes. (and)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - The first social class mentioned, often associated with spiritual authority. (Brahmins, learned ones)

• अयूयुजन् (ayūyujan) - The action of preparing the vehicles and animals for the journey. (they yoked, they prepared, they equipped)

• उष्ट्ररथान् (uṣṭrarathān) - Vehicles being prepared for travel. (camel-chariots)

• खरान् (kharān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (donkeys, asses)

• च (ca) - Connects the list of animals and vehicles. (and)

• नागान् (nāgān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (elephants)

• हयान् (hayān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (horses)

• च (ca) - Connects `hayān` to the previous items. (and)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that horses were also included. (indeed, just, only, as well)

• कुलप्रसूतान् (kulaprasūtān) - Describing the high quality of the horses (and by extension, the other animals/vehicles). (born of good stock/family, well-bred)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates the sequence of events after Sumantra's command. (thereafter, then, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - The people getting ready for the journey. (having risen up, having assembled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-ut-√sthā (to stand up, rise), absolutive form

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the actions of the various social classes.

कुले (kule) - Repeated to mean 'in every clan' or 'clan by clan'. (in a clan, in a family)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, clan, race, noble lineage

Note: Repetition (`kule kule`) implies 'every family/clan'.

कुले (kule) - Repeated to mean 'in every clan' or 'clan by clan'. (in a clan, in a family)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, clan, race, noble lineage

Note: Repetition (`kule kule`) implies 'every family/clan'.

ते (te) - Refers to the groups of people mentioned subsequently. (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the collective subject of `ayūyujan`.

राजन्यवैश्या (rājanyavaiśyā) - Two of the social classes responding to the call. (Kshatriyas and Vaishyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rājanyavaiśya

rājanyavaiśya - Kshatriyas and Vaishyas

Compound type : dvandva (rājanya+vaiśya)

• rājanya – royal, princely; a Kshatriya
  noun (masculine)
• vaiśya – a member of the third social class (Vaishya)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Collective noun referring to both classes.

वृषलाः (vṛṣalāḥ) - The fourth social class participating. (Shudras, low-caste persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣala

vṛṣala - a Shudra, a low-caste person

Note: Part of the collective subject.

च (ca) - Connects the various social classes. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - The first social class mentioned, often associated with spiritual authority. (Brahmins, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - a Brahmin, a priest, a sage; inspired, wise

Note: Part of the collective subject.

अयूयुजन् (ayūyujan) - The action of preparing the vehicles and animals for the journey. (they yoked, they prepared, they equipped)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yuj

Imperfect Active Third Person Plural (Causative)

From √yuj (to yoke, join) in the causative, imperfect active, third person plural.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Causative form.

उष्ट्ररथान् (uṣṭrarathān) - Vehicles being prepared for travel. (camel-chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uṣṭraratha

uṣṭraratha - camel-chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (uṣṭra+ratha)

• uṣṭra – camel
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `ayūyujan`.

खरान् (kharān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (donkeys, asses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khara

khara - donkey, ass; harsh, rough

Note: Object of `ayūyujan`.

च (ca) - Connects the list of animals and vehicles. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नागान् (nāgān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (elephants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake; elephant; a class of mythical beings

Note: Object of `ayūyujan`.

हयान् (hayān) - Animals being prepared for transport. (horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of `ayūyujan`.

च (ca) - Connects `hayān` to the previous items. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that horses were also included. (indeed, just, only, as well)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कुलप्रसूतान् (kulaprasūtān) - Describing the high quality of the horses (and by extension, the other animals/vehicles). (born of good stock/family, well-bred)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kulaprasūta

kulaprasūta - born of a good family, of noble birth, well-bred

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+prasūta)

• kula – family, clan, race, noble lineage
  noun (neuter)
• prasūta – born, produced, brought forth
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√sū (to bring forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `uṣṭrarathān`, `kharān`, `nāgān`, and `hayān`.

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