वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-76, verse-11

कथं दशरथाज्जातो भवेद् राज्यापहारकः ।
राज्यं चाहं च रामस्य धर्मं वक्तुमिहार्हसि ॥११॥

11. kathaṃ daśarathājjāto bhaved rājyāpahārakaḥ ,
rājyaṃ cāhaṃ ca rāmasya dharmaṃ vaktumihārhasi.

11. katham daśarathāt jātaḥ bhavet rājyāpahārakaḥ
rājyam ca aham ca rāmasya dharmam vaktum iha arhasi

11. katham daśarathāt jātaḥ rājyāpahārakaḥ bhavet
rājyam ca aham ca rāmasya iha dharmam vaktum arhasi

11. How could one born of Daśaratha be a usurper of the kingdom? Both the kingdom and I belong to Rāma. You ought to declare the natural law (dharma) here.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative) (how, why, in what manner)

• दशरथात् (daśarathāt) - from King Daśaratha (from Daśaratha)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - one who is born (born, produced, arisen)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - can become, should become (should be, might be, may be)

• राज्यापहारकः (rājyāpahārakaḥ) - usurper of the kingdom (usurper of a kingdom, one who seizes a kingdom)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (of Ayodhyā) (kingdom, dominion)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata, speaking) (I)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Lord Rāma (of Rāma)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) concerning rightful succession (law, duty, righteousness, natural law)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to declare, to state (to speak, to tell)

• इह (iha) - in this situation (here, in this matter)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative) (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

दशरथात् (daśarathāt) - from King Daśaratha (from Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of a king, father of Rāma)

जातः (jātaḥ) - one who is born (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

from root jan- (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: functions as a noun here, 'one who is born'

भवेत् (bhavet) - can become, should become (should be, might be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

3rd person singular active optative of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

राज्यापहारकः (rājyāpahārakaḥ) - usurper of the kingdom (usurper of a kingdom, one who seizes a kingdom)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājyāpahāraka

rājyāpahāraka - one who seizes a kingdom, usurper

Compound of rājya and apahāraka

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+apahāraka)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
• apahāraka – one who takes away, thief, robber, usurper
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from apahṛ (apa + hṛ, to take away)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (of Ayodhyā) (kingdom, dominion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

Note: Can also be accusative, but nominative fits the 'belongs to Rāma' structure well.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata, speaking) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Lord Rāma (of Rāma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a king, son of Daśaratha)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) concerning rightful succession (law, duty, righteousness, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to declare, to state (to speak, to tell)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इह (iha) - in this situation (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative

2nd person singular active present indicative of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'you' (Lakṣmaṇa or another interlocutor).