महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-53, verse-13

कृपं तु दृष्ट्वा विरथं रथस्थो नैच्छच्छरैस्ताडयितुं शिखण्डी ।
तं द्रौणिरावार्य रथं कृपं स्म समुज्जह्रे पङ्कगतां यथा गाम् ॥१३॥

13. kṛpaṁ tu dṛṣṭvā virathaṁ rathastho; naicchaccharaistāḍayituṁ śikhaṇḍī ,
taṁ drauṇirāvārya rathaṁ kṛpaṁ sma; samujjahre paṅkagatāṁ yathā gām.

13. kṛpaṃ tu dṛṣṭvā virathaṃ rathasthaḥ
na aicchat śaraiḥ tāḍayituṃ śikhaṇḍī
| taṃ drauṇiḥ āvārya rathaṃ kṛpaṃ
sma samujjuhre paṅkagatām yathā gām

13. śikhaṇḍī rathasthaḥ tu virathaṃ kṛpaṃ
dṛṣṭvā śaraiḥ tāḍayituṃ na aicchat
taṃ kṛpaṃ drauṇiḥ rathaṃ āvārya
paṅkagatām gām yathā sma samujjuhre

13. Seeing Kṛpa dismounted from his chariot, Śikhaṇḍī, who was still on his chariot, did not wish to strike him with arrows. Then, Drauṇi, bringing his chariot to Kṛpa's aid and protecting him, lifted Kṛpa up, just as one would lift a cow that has become stuck in mud.

Words meanings summery:

• कृपं (kṛpaṁ) - Kripa

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• विरथं (virathaṁ) - chariotless, dismounted from chariot

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-mounted

• न (na) - not, no

• ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - he desired, he wished

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• ताडयितुं (tāḍayituṁ) - to strike, to hit

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi

• तं (taṁ) - him (Kripa)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drona's son, Ashvatthama

• आवार्य (āvārya) - having protected, having obstructed/covered

• रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot

• कृपं (kṛpaṁ) - Kripa

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly

• समुज्जुह्रे (samujjuhre) - he lifted up, he rescued

• पङ्कगताम् (paṅkagatām) - stuck in mud, fallen into mud

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• गाम् (gām) - a cow

Words meanings and morphology

कृपं (kṛpaṁ) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - a proper name (Kripa)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś + tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विरथं (virathaṁ) - chariotless, dismounted from chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariotless, without a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart from, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating separation or absence
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-mounted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, situated on a chariot

From ratha + stha (from sthā 'to stand')

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix from root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - he desired, he wished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of iṣ

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root iṣ (aiccha for imperfect)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṝ (class 9)

ताडयितुं (tāḍayituṁ) - to strike, to hit

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Causative root tāḍ + tumun suffix

Root: taḍ (class 10)

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandi (a proper name), peacock

तं (taṁ) - him (Kripa)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drona's son, Ashvatthama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona (Ashvatthama)

Patronymic from Droṇa

आवार्य (āvārya) - having protected, having obstructed/covered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vṛ with upasarga ā, + ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ramh

कृपं (kṛpaṁ) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - a proper name (Kripa)

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

समुज्जुह्रे (samujjuhre) - he lifted up, he rescued

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of samuddhṛ

Aorist, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root hṛ with upasargas sam and ud.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पङ्कगताम् (paṅkagatām) - stuck in mud, fallen into mud

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paṅkagata

paṅkagata - gone into mud, stuck in mud

Compound type : tatpurusha (paṅka+gata)

• paṅka – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) + kta suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - a cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light