महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-41, verse-5

विदुर उवाच ।
शूद्रयोनावहं जातो नातोऽन्यद्वक्तुमुत्सहे ।
कुमारस्य तु या बुद्धिर्वेद तां शाश्वतीमहम् ॥५॥

5. vidura uvāca ,
śūdrayonāvahaṁ jāto nāto'nyadvaktumutsahe ,
kumārasya tu yā buddhirveda tāṁ śāśvatīmaham.

5. viduraḥ uvāca | śūdrayonau aham jātaḥ na ataḥ anyat vaktum
utsahe | kumārasya tu yā buddhiḥ veda tām śāśvatīm aham

5. Vidura said: "I am born in a śūdra womb, therefore I am not emboldened to speak anything else. However, I know that the intelligence (buddhi) of the young boy (Sanatsujāta) is eternal."

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शूद्रयोनौ (śūdrayonau) - in a śūdra womb, in the womb of a śūdra woman

• अहम् (aham) - I

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

• न (na) - not, no

• अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another thing

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I endeavor, I am emboldened

• कुमारस्य (kumārasya) - of Sanatsujāta (of the boy, of the youth)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• या (yā) - who, which

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence, understanding, intellect

• वेद (veda) - I (Vidura) know (knows, I know)

• ताम् (tām) - that (intelligence) (her, that (feminine))

• शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, perpetual, constant

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Root vac (Class 2) takes reduplication and specific endings for the perfect tense. Forms uvāca.

Root: vac (class 2)

शूद्रयोनौ (śūdrayonau) - in a śūdra womb, in the womb of a śūdra woman

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrāyoni

śūdrāyoni - womb of a śūdra woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdrā+yoni)

• śūdrā – a woman of the śūdra caste
  noun (feminine)
• yoni – womb, source, origin
  noun (feminine)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

asmad - I, ego

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another thing

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I endeavor, I am emboldened

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of utsah

Present Active

Root sah (to endure, overcome) with upasarga ut (up, out)

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

कुमारस्य (kumārasya) - of Sanatsujāta (of the boy, of the youth)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, son, prince

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence, understanding, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intelligence, intellect, understanding, perception

Derived from root budh (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

वेद (veda) - I (Vidura) know (knows, I know)

(verb)

person , singular, active, present (lat (special)) of vid

Perfect Active

Special perfect-like form (liṭ) used in the meaning of present tense for 'to know'. Often listed as a class 2 verb or a special set of perfect forms.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Here used in 1st person singular, 'I know'.

ताम् (tām) - that (intelligence) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, perpetual, constant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

asmad - I, ego

Note: Repeated for emphasis or flow. Already present earlier in the sentence.