महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-41, verse-4

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
किं त्वं न वेद तद्भूयो यन्मे ब्रूयात्सनातनः ।
त्वमेव विदुर ब्रूहि प्रज्ञाशेषोऽस्ति चेत्तव ॥४॥

4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kiṁ tvaṁ na veda tadbhūyo yanme brūyātsanātanaḥ ,
tvameva vidura brūhi prajñāśeṣo'sti cettava.

4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kim tvam na
veda tat bhūyaḥ yat me brūyāt
sanātanaḥ | tvam eva vidura
brūhi prajñāśeṣaḥ asti cet tava

4. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "What is it that you do not know, such that the eternal one (Sanatsujāta) would have to tell me more? Vidura, you yourself speak to me, if there is any remnant of wisdom (prajñā) left in you."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what (is it) (what?, why?)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vidura) (you)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वेद (veda) - you (Vidura) know (you know)

• तत् (tat) - such (that) (that, such)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more (than what you know) (more, further)

• यत् (yat) - that (which) (that, which)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would have to tell (may tell, should tell)

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - the eternal one (Sanatsujāta) (the eternal one)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• एव (eva) - yourself, indeed (indeed, only, just)

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (it) (tell, speak)

• प्रज्ञाशेषः (prajñāśeṣaḥ) - any remnant of wisdom (prajñā) (remnant of wisdom, remaining intellect)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• चेत् (cet) - if (if, whether)

• तव (tava) - in you, with you (genitive of possession) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king, literally 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound of dhṛta (held) and rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (is it) (what?, why?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, why?

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Interrogative object.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vidura) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronoun, 2nd person singular nominative.

Note: Subject of 'veda'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वेद (veda) - you (Vidura) know (you know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lit) of vid

Perfect active 2nd person singular of root vid (to know). This is a unique form that also functions as present tense.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as present tense 'you know'.

तत् (tat) - such (that) (that, such)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, such

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative.

Note: Connects the clauses.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more (than what you know) (more, further)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb from bahu (much).

Note: Adverb modifying 'brūyāt'.

यत् (yat) - that (which) (that, which)

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative, or conjunction.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would have to tell (may tell, should tell)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative active 3rd person singular of root brū/vac.

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or necessity.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - the eternal one (Sanatsujāta) (the eternal one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient

From sanāt (always, eternally) + ana (suffix).

Note: Subject of 'brūyāt'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronoun, 2nd person singular nominative.

एव (eva) - yourself, indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'tvam'.

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise minister)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (it) (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative active 2nd person singular of root brū/vac.

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

प्रज्ञाशेषः (prajñāśeṣaḥ) - any remnant of wisdom (prajñā) (remnant of wisdom, remaining intellect)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñāśeṣa

prajñāśeṣa - remnant of wisdom, remaining intellect

Compound of prajñā (wisdom, intellect) and śeṣa (remnant, remainder).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajñā+śeṣa)

• prajñā – wisdom, intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From pra (forth) + root jñā (to know).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, remnant
  noun (masculine)
  From root śiṣ (to leave remaining).
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 3rd person singular of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

चेत् (cet) - if (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

तव (tava) - in you, with you (genitive of possession) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronoun, 2nd person singular genitive.