महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-41, verse-11

लाभालाभौ प्रियद्वेष्यौ यथैनं न जरान्तकौ ।
विषहेरन्भयामर्षौ क्षुत्पिपासे मदोद्भवौ ।
अरतिश्चैव तन्द्री च कामक्रोधौ क्षयोदयौ ॥११॥

11. lābhālābhau priyadveṣyau yathainaṁ na jarāntakau ,
viṣaheranbhayāmarṣau kṣutpipāse madodbhavau ,
aratiścaiva tandrī ca kāmakrodhau kṣayodayau.

11. lābhālābhau priyadveṣyau yathā enam
na jarāntakau viṣaheran bhayāmarṣau
kṣutpipāse madodbhavau aratiḥ ca
eva tandrī ca kāmakrodhau kṣayodayau

11. So that gain and loss, liking and disliking, old age and death (antaka) do not overpower him. (May he also transcend) fear and indignation, hunger and thirst, arrogance and its manifestations, discontent and lethargy, desire and wrath, and the dualities of decline and prosperity.

Words meanings summery:

• लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gain and loss

• प्रियद्वेष्यौ (priyadveṣyau) - liking and disliking (dear and hateful, pleasant and unpleasant)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, as, just as)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (him, this)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जरान्तकौ (jarāntakau) - old age and death (antaka) (old age and death)

• विषहेरन् (viṣaheran) - may they overpower (him) (may they endure, may they overcome)

• भयामर्षौ (bhayāmarṣau) - fear and indignation (fear and anger, fear and indignation)

• क्षुत्पिपासे (kṣutpipāse) - hunger and thirst

• मदोद्भवौ (madodbhavau) - arrogance and its manifestations (arrogance and its manifestations/causes)

• अरतिः (aratiḥ) - discontent (discontent, uneasiness, apathy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - as well as (indeed, just, only)

• तन्द्री (tandrī) - lethargy (lethargy, exhaustion, drowsiness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and wrath

• क्षयोदयौ (kṣayodayau) - decline and prosperity (decline and rise, decay and growth)

Words meanings and morphology

लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gain and loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lābhālābha

lābhālābha - gain and loss

Compound type : dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'labh'
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – loss, failure
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of 'lābha'
  Prefix: a

प्रियद्वेष्यौ (priyadveṣyau) - liking and disliking (dear and hateful, pleasant and unpleasant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of priyadveṣya

priyadveṣya - beloved and hated, pleasant and unpleasant

Compound type : dvandva (priya+dveṣya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• dveṣya – hateful, disliked, to be hated
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'dviṣ'
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (him, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, him

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

जरान्तकौ (jarāntakau) - old age and death (antaka) (old age and death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jarāntaka

jarāntaka - old age and death

Compound type : dvandva (jarā+antaka)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'jṝ'
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• antaka – causing an end, death, Yama
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ant'
  Root: ant (class 1)

विषहेरन् (viṣaheran) - may they overpower (him) (may they endure, may they overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of viṣah

Optative (VidhiLiṅ) third plural active

Root 'sah' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Used with 'na' to mean 'may they not overpower'.

भयामर्षौ (bhayāmarṣau) - fear and indignation (fear and anger, fear and indignation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhayāmarṣa

bhayāmarṣa - fear and indignation/anger

Compound type : dvandva (bhaya+amarṣa)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhī'
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• amarṣa – impatience, indignation, anger
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mṛṣ' with prefix 'a' (negative or intensive)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: These are part of a list of dualities that Dhṛtarāṣṭra should transcend.

क्षुत्पिपासे (kṣutpipāse) - hunger and thirst

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of kṣutpipāsā

kṣutpipāsā - hunger and thirst

Compound type : dvandva (kṣudh+pipāsā)

• kṣudh – hunger
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'kṣudh'
  Root: kṣudh (class 4)
• pipāsā – thirst, desire to drink
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative noun
  From root 'pā'
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Nominative dual of the dvandva compound.

मदोद्भवौ (madodbhavau) - arrogance and its manifestations (arrogance and its manifestations/causes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of madodbhava

madodbhava - arising from intoxication/arrogance, intoxication and its origin

Compound type : dvandva (mada+udbhava)

• mada – intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mad'
  Root: mad (class 4)
• udbhava – origin, birth, production, cause
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhū' with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Nominative dual of the dvandva compound.

अरतिः (aratiḥ) - discontent (discontent, uneasiness, apathy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of arati

arati - discontent, uneasiness, dejection, apathy

Negation of 'rati' (joy, pleasure)

Prefix: a

Root: ram (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as well as (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic or to link items.

तन्द्री (tandrī) - lethargy (lethargy, exhaustion, drowsiness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tandrī

tandrī - lassitude, exhaustion, drowsiness, inertia

Root: tan (class 8)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and wrath

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kāmakrodha

kāmakrodha - desire and anger

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+krodha)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam'
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'krudh'
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Nominative dual of the dvandva compound.

क्षयोदयौ (kṣayodayau) - decline and prosperity (decline and rise, decay and growth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣayodaya

kṣayodaya - decline and rise, decay and growth, loss and gain

Compound type : dvandva (kṣaya+udaya)

• kṣaya – decline, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi'
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• udaya – rise, prosperity, origin
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'i' with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Nominative dual of the dvandva compound.