महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-2, verse-1

बलदेव उवाच ।
श्रुतं भवद्भिर्गदपूर्वजस्य वाक्यं यथा धर्मवदर्थवच्च ।
अजातशत्रोश्च हितं हितं च दुर्योधनस्यापि तथैव राज्ञः ॥१॥

1. baladeva uvāca ,
śrutaṁ bhavadbhirgadapūrvajasya; vākyaṁ yathā dharmavadarthavacca ,
ajātaśatrośca hitaṁ hitaṁ ca; duryodhanasyāpi tathaiva rājñaḥ.

1. baladeva uvāca śrutaṃ bhavadbhiḥ
gadapūrvajasya vākyaṃ yathā dharmavat
arthavat ca ajātaśatroḥ ca hitaṃ hitaṃ
ca duryodhanasya api tathā eva rājñaḥ

1. Baladeva said: "You have heard the speech of Gada's elder brother (Krishna), which was indeed righteous (dharma) and purposeful. It was beneficial for Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira) and, similarly, also beneficial for King Duryodhana."

Words meanings summery:

• बलदेव (baladeva) - Baladeva (Balarama)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुतं (śrutaṁ) - heard, listened, famous

• भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (honorific plural)

• गदपूर्वजस्य (gadapūrvajasya) - of Krishna (Gada was Krishna's younger brother) (of Gada's elder brother)

• वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - speech, word, statement

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• धर्मवत् (dharmavat) - righteous, endowed with dharma, just

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - purposeful, meaningful, useful, wealthy

• च (ca) - and, also

• अजातशत्रोः (ajātaśatroḥ) - of Yudhishthira (who had no enemies by birth) (of Ajatashatru)

• च (ca) - and, also

• हितं (hitaṁ) - beneficial, welfare, good

• हितं (hitaṁ) - beneficial, welfare, good

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

Words meanings and morphology

बलदेव (baladeva) - Baladeva (Balarama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of baladeva

baladeva - Baladeva (name of Krishna's elder brother, also known as Balarama)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit)

From root vac (class 2), perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुतं (śrutaṁ) - heard, listened, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed, famous

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear) with suffix -ta

Root: śru (class 5)

भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (honorific plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), being, existing

Present Active Participle

From root bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

गदपूर्वजस्य (gadapūrvajasya) - of Krishna (Gada was Krishna's younger brother) (of Gada's elder brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gadapūrvaja

gadapūrvaja - elder brother of Gada

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gada+pūrvaja)

• gada – Gada (name of Krishna's younger brother), mace (weapon)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pūrvaja – elder brother, born before, former
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pūrva (before) and ja (born)

वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, statement, sentence

Derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

धर्मवत् (dharmavat) - righteous, endowed with dharma, just

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmavat

dharmavat - righteous, pious, just, endowed with natural law (dharma)

Derived from dharma with the possessive suffix -vat

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - purposeful, meaningful, useful, wealthy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - purposeful, meaningful, useful, wealthy, significant

Derived from artha with the possessive suffix -vat

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अजातशत्रोः (ajātaśatroḥ) - of Yudhishthira (who had no enemies by birth) (of Ajatashatru)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ajātaśatru

ajātaśatru - one whose enemies are not born, having no enemies, Ajatashatru (a name for Yudhishthira)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jāta+śatru)

• a – not, non-, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हितं (hitaṁ) - beneficial, welfare, good

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, welfare, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, hold), past passive participle

Root: dhā (class 3)

हितं (hitaṁ) - beneficial, welfare, good

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, welfare, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, hold), past passive participle

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)