महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-100, verse-8

पूर्वां दिशं धारयते सुरूपा नाम सौरभी ।
दक्षिणां हंसका नाम धारयत्यपरां दिशम् ॥८॥

8. pūrvāṁ diśaṁ dhārayate surūpā nāma saurabhī ,
dakṣiṇāṁ haṁsakā nāma dhārayatyaparāṁ diśam.

8. pūrvām diśam dhārayate surūpā nāma saurabhī
dakṣiṇām haṃsakā nāma dhārayati aparām diśam

8. Surūpā, named Saurabhī, holds the eastern direction. Haṃsakā, by name, holds the southern direction (the other principal direction).

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - eastern (direction) (eastern, prior)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction

• धारयते (dhārayate) - she holds, she supports, she maintains

• सुरूपा (surūpā) - (proper name) Surūpā (beautiful, well-formed; (proper name) Surūpā)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, named, by name

• सौरभी (saurabhī) - (proper name) Saurabhī (fragrant; (proper name) Saurabhī (a daughter of Surabhi))

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (direction) (southern, right)

• हंसका (haṁsakā) - (proper name) Haṃsakā

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, named, by name

• धारयति (dhārayati) - she holds, she supports, she maintains

• अपराम् (aparām) - the next (direction), referring to the southern direction as the "other" one listed after East. (other, western, next)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - eastern (direction) (eastern, prior)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - prior, former, eastern

Note: Agrees with 'diśam'.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś

Note: Object of 'dhārayate'.

धारयते (dhārayate) - she holds, she supports, she maintains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present tense, causative, middle voice

Class 10 (or causative of Class 1)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'Surūpā'.

सुरूपा (surūpā) - (proper name) Surūpā (beautiful, well-formed; (proper name) Surūpā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of surūpā

surūpā - beautiful, well-formed (feminine); a proper name

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+rūpa)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'dhārayate'.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, named, by name

(indeclinable)

सौरभी (saurabhī) - (proper name) Saurabhī (fragrant; (proper name) Saurabhī (a daughter of Surabhi))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saurabhī

saurabhī - fragrant, a kind of cow (daughter of Surabhi); a proper name

Feminine of 'saurabha', related to 'surabhi'.

Note: In apposition to 'Surūpā'.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (direction) (southern, right)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

Note: Agrees with 'diśam' (implied or explicit after 'aparām').

हंसका (haṁsakā) - (proper name) Haṃsakā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of haṃsakā

haṁsakā - a small goose; a proper name

नाम (nāma) - indeed, named, by name

(indeclinable)

धारयति (dhārayati) - she holds, she supports, she maintains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present tense, causative, active voice

Class 10 (or causative of Class 1)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'Haṃsakā'.

अपराम् (aparām) - the next (direction), referring to the southern direction as the "other" one listed after East. (other, western, next)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apara

apara - other, subsequent, western

Note: Agrees with 'diśam' (implied or explicit). It seems to reinforce 'dakṣiṇām' as 'the other' direction.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś

Note: Object of 'dhārayati'. Explicitly qualifies 'aparām'.