महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-58, verse-12

त्रस्ताश्च रथिनः सर्वे बभूवुस्तत्र सर्वशः ।
सर्वे शान्तिपरा भूत्वा स्वचित्तानि न लेभिरे ।
संग्रामविमुखाः सर्वे योधास्ते हतचेतसः ॥१२॥

12. trastāśca rathinaḥ sarve babhūvustatra sarvaśaḥ ,
sarve śāntiparā bhūtvā svacittāni na lebhire ,
saṁgrāmavimukhāḥ sarve yodhāste hatacetasaḥ.

12. trastāḥ ca rathinaḥ sarve babhūvuḥ
tatra sarvaśaḥ sarve śāntiparāḥ bhūtvā
svacittāni na lebhire saṅgrāmavimukhāḥ
sarve yodhāḥ te hatacetasaḥ

12. All the charioteers there became utterly terrified. Everyone, yearning for peace, could not regain their composure. All those warriors, having turned away from battle, were utterly disheartened.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified, scared

• च (ca) - and, also

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warrior in a chariot

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became, occurred, happened

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all ways

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the warriors present. (all, everyone)

• शान्तिपराः (śāntiparāḥ) - intent on peace, focused on peace, desiring peace

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

• स्वचित्तानि (svacittāni) - Referring to their mental stability or composure. (their own minds, their own consciousness, their composure)

• न (na) - not, no

• लेभिरे (lebhire) - Could not regain their composure/minds. (obtained, regained, found)

• सङ्ग्रामविमुखाः (saṅgrāmavimukhāḥ) - turned away from battle, averse to battle

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the warriors. (all, everyone)

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• ते (te) - Refers to the warriors. (those, they)

• हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - with shattered spirits, dispirited, disheartened, with broken hearts

Words meanings and morphology

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - frightened, scared, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tras (to tremble, to be afraid) + suffix -ta.

Root: tras (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warrior in a chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + possessive suffix -in.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Refers to rathinaḥ.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became, occurred, happened

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of bhū

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) form of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all ways

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -śas from sarva.

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the warriors present. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

शान्तिपराः (śāntiparāḥ) - intent on peace, focused on peace, desiring peace

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śāntipara

śāntipara - intent on peace, devoted to peace, seeking peace

Compound type : tatpurusha (śānti+para)

• śānti – peace, tranquility, calm
  noun (feminine)
  From √śam (to be calm) + -ti
  Root: śam (class 4)
• para – chief, principal, supreme, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √bhū + suffix -tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वचित्तानि (svacittāni) - Referring to their mental stability or composure. (their own minds, their own consciousness, their composure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of svacitta

svacitta - one's own mind, one's own thought

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+citta)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun/adjective (neuter)
• citta – mind, consciousness, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √cit (to perceive, understand) + -ta
  Root: cit (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

लेभिरे (lebhire) - Could not regain their composure/minds. (obtained, regained, found)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (Lit) of labh

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) Ātmanepada form of √labh.

Root: labh (class 1)

सङ्ग्रामविमुखाः (saṅgrāmavimukhāḥ) - turned away from battle, averse to battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgrāmavimukha

saṅgrāmavimukha - turned away from battle, disinclined to fight

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṅgrāma+vimukha)

• saṅgrāma – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + √grah (to seize) + -ma
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grah (class 9)
• vimukha – averse, turned away, disinclined
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi + mukha (face)
  Prefix: vi

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the warriors. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

ते (te) - Refers to the warriors. (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - with shattered spirits, dispirited, disheartened, with broken hearts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatacetas

hatacetas - dispirited, disheartened, having lost spirit/mind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+cetas)

• hata – struck, killed, destroyed, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill) + -ta
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetas – mind, intellect, heart, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  From √cit (to perceive, understand)
  Root: cit (class 1)