महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-58, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथ दुर्योधनः कर्णो दुःशासनविविंशती ।
द्रोणश्च सह पुत्रेण कृपश्चातिरथो रणे ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
atha duryodhanaḥ karṇo duḥśāsanaviviṁśatī ,
droṇaśca saha putreṇa kṛpaścātiratho raṇe.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca atha duryodhanaḥ karṇaḥ duḥśāsana-viviṃśatī
droṇaḥ ca saha putreṇa kṛpaḥ ca atirathaḥ raṇe

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, Duryodhana, Karṇa, Duḥśāsana, Viviṃśati, Droṇa with his son, and Kṛpa, the great warrior, in the battle—

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• दुःशासन-विविंशती (duḥśāsana-viviṁśatī) - Duḥśāsana and Viviṃśati

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• च (ca) - and

• सह (saha) - with

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son Aśvatthāman (by the son, with the son)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

• च (ca) - and

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a great warrior, a maharatha

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

From root `vac` (to speak), 3rd person singular, perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

दुःशासन-विविंशती (duḥśāsana-viviṁśatī) - Duḥśāsana and Viviṃśati

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥśāsana-viviṃśati

duḥśāsana-viviṁśati - Duḥśāsana and Viviṃśati (two of the Kaurava brothers)

A dvandva compound of two proper names.

Compound type : dvandva (duḥśāsana+viviṃśati)

• duḥśāsana – Duḥśāsana (one of the Kaurava brothers)
  proper noun (masculine)
• viviṃśati – Viviṃśati (one of the Kaurava brothers)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Dual form for the two individuals.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (the royal guru, preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सह (saha) - with

(indeclinable)

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son Aśvatthāman (by the son, with the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (name of a warrior and teacher, brother-in-law of Droṇa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a great warrior, a maharatha

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great warrior, a maharatha (one who can fight 10,000 archers simultaneously)

Compound: `ati` (exceeding) + `ratha` (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+ratha)

• ati – beyond, exceeding, great
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Kṛpa.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.