महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-38, verse-1

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि तृतीयं गुणमुत्तमम् ।
सर्वभूतहितं लोके सतां धर्ममनिन्दितम् ॥१॥

1. brahmovāca ,
ataḥ paraṁ pravakṣyāmi tṛtīyaṁ guṇamuttamam ,
sarvabhūtahitaṁ loke satāṁ dharmamaninditam.

1. brahmā uvāca ataḥ param pravakṣyāmi tṛtīyam guṇam
uttamam sarvabhūtahitam loke satām dharmam aninditam

1. Brahmā said: 'After this, I will declare the third and excellent quality, which is beneficial to all beings in the world, and is the irreproachable natural law (dharma) of the virtuous.'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, hence

• परम् (param) - after this (after, further, supreme)

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain

• तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third

• गुणम् (guṇam) - quality, attribute

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

• सर्वभूतहितम् (sarvabhūtahitam) - beneficial to all beings, welfare of all creatures

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of good people

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

• अनिन्दितम् (aninditam) - blameless, irreproachable, faultless

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator deity); ultimate reality (neuter); a priest (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, hence

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - after this (after, further, supreme)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of pravac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

Ordinal numeral from tri (three)

Note: Agrees with 'guṇam'

गुणम् (guṇam) - quality, attribute

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'guṇam'

सर्वभूतहितम् (sarvabhūtahitam) - beneficial to all beings, welfare of all creatures

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - beneficial to all creatures, welfare of all beings

Compound type : caturthī-tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū
• hita – beneficial, good, advantageous, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From root dhā (to place, to do) with prefix hi-
  Root: dhā

Note: Agrees with 'guṇam'

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of good people

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existent, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

अनिन्दितम् (aninditam) - blameless, irreproachable, faultless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anindita

anindita - unblamed, irreproachable, faultless

Past Passive Participle with negative prefix

Derived from root nind (to blame) with negative prefix a-

Prefix: a

Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'