महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-71, verse-9

कियत्कालं प्रदानस्य दाता च फलमश्नुते ।
कथं बहुविधं दानं स्यादल्पमपि वा कथम् ॥९॥

9. kiyatkālaṁ pradānasya dātā ca phalamaśnute ,
kathaṁ bahuvidhaṁ dānaṁ syādalpamapi vā katham.

9. kiyat kālam pradānasya dātā ca phalam aśnute
katham bahuvidham dānam syāt alpam api vā katham

9. dātā pradānasya phalam kiyat kālam ca aśnute? katham
bahuvidham dānam syāt? vā alpam api katham (syāt)?

9. For how long does the donor enjoy the result of a gift? And how can a varied donation be effective, or even a small one, how?

Words meanings summery:

• कियत् (kiyat) - how much, how long, how great

• कालम् (kālam) - For how long a period. (time, duration)

• प्रदानस्य (pradānasya) - of the giving, of the offering, of the donation

• दाता (dātā) - the giver, the donor

• च (ca) - and

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains, enjoys, reaches

• कथम् (katham) - How is it possible or effective? (how, in what manner)

• बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - Refers to a donation that is extensive or varied. (manifold, various kinds, substantial)

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, act of giving

• स्यात् (syāt) - How can it become fruitful or effective? (may be, let it be, should be)

• अल्पम् (alpam) - A small donation. (little, small, slight)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• वा (vā) - or

• कथम् (katham) - How is it possible or effective? (repeated for emphasis/clarity for the second part of the question) (how, in what manner)

Words meanings and morphology

कियत् (kiyat) - how much, how long, how great

(interrogative adjective)

Note: Refers to duration.

कालम् (kālam) - For how long a period. (time, duration)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

प्रदानस्य (pradānasya) - of the giving, of the offering, of the donation

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, offering, donation, gift

From pra- + dā (to give).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

दाता (dātā) - the giver, the donor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, liberal

Agent noun

From root dā (to give) with suffix -tṛ.

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, profit

अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains, enjoys, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś

Present middle

3rd person singular present indicative middle voice, from root aś.

Root: aś (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - How is it possible or effective? (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - Refers to a donation that is extensive or varied. (manifold, various kinds, substantial)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound: bahu (many) + vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix -dha, related to root dhā 'to place/put'

दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, act of giving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality

From root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

स्यात् (syāt) - How can it become fruitful or effective? (may be, let it be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative active

3rd person singular present optative, from root as.

Root: as (class 2)

अल्पम् (alpam) - A small donation. (little, small, slight)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, few, insignificant

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - How is it possible or effective? (repeated for emphasis/clarity for the second part of the question) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.