महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-95, verse-1

वामदेव उवाच ।
अयुद्धेनैव विजयं वर्धयेद्वसुधाधिपः ।
जघन्यमाहुर्विजयं यो युद्धेन नराधिप ॥१॥

1. vāmadeva uvāca ,
ayuddhenaiva vijayaṁ vardhayedvasudhādhipaḥ ,
jaghanyamāhurvijayaṁ yo yuddhena narādhipa.

1. vāmadeva uvāca ayuddhena eva vijayam vardhayet vasudhā-adhipaḥ
jaghanyam āhuḥ vijayam yaḥ yuddhena nara-adhipaḥ

1. vāmadeva uvāca vasudhā-adhipaḥ ayuddhena eva vijayam
vardhayet yaḥ nara-adhipaḥ yuddhena vijayam jaghanyam āhuḥ

1. Vāmadeva said: A king should increase his victory (vijaya) without fighting. They declare as inferior that victory (vijaya) which a king achieves through battle.

Words meanings summery:

• वामदेव (vāmadeva) - Vāmadeva (a sage who is speaking) (Vāmadeva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अयुद्धेन (ayuddhena) - without fighting (without battle, without fighting, by not fighting)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

• वर्धयेत् (vardhayet) - should increase (should increase, should promote, should make grow)

• वसुधा-अधिपः (vasudhā-adhipaḥ) - a king (lord of the earth, king)

• जघन्यम् (jaghanyam) - inferior (inferior, lowest, worst, despicable)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call, they declare)

• विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (referring to victory) (who, which)

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - through battle (by battle, through fighting)

• नर-अधिपः (nara-adhipaḥ) - a king (lord of men, king)

Words meanings and morphology

वामदेव (vāmadeva) - Vāmadeva (a sage who is speaking) (Vāmadeva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāmadeva

vāmadeva - Vāmadeva (name of a sage, a deity)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active 3rd person singular

From root √vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

अयुद्धेन (ayuddhena) - without fighting (without battle, without fighting, by not fighting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ayuddha

ayuddha - non-battle, without war

a- (negation) + yuddha

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yuddha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negating prefix
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From vi-√ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

वर्धयेत् (vardhayet) - should increase (should increase, should promote, should make grow)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛdh

optative active 3rd person singular (causative)

Causative stem vardh-ay from root √vṛdh (class 1)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

वसुधा-अधिपः (vasudhā-adhipaḥ) - a king (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - lord of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – the earth, wealth-bearer
  noun (feminine)
  From vasu (wealth) + dhā (to hold)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the subject of 'should increase'.

जघन्यम् (jaghanyam) - inferior (inferior, lowest, worst, despicable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jaghanya

jaghanya - lowest, hindmost, inferior, base, vile

From jaghanam (buttocks, hind parts)

Note: Agrees with vijayam.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah

perfect active 3rd person plural (irregular)

Root √ah, 3rd plural perfect

Root: ah (class 2)

विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From vi-√ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Direct object of āhuḥ.

यः (yaḥ) - which (referring to victory) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun stem

Note: Relative pronoun modifying vijayam (masc).

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - through battle (by battle, through fighting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root √yudh (class 4)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the means by which victory is achieved.

नर-अधिपः (nara-adhipaḥ) - a king (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (achieves) in the relative clause.