महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-44, verse-4

अरण्ये दुःखवसतीर्मत्कृते पुरुषोत्तमाः ।
भवद्भिरनुभूताश्च यथा कुपुरुषैस्तथा ॥४॥

4. araṇye duḥkhavasatīrmatkṛte puruṣottamāḥ ,
bhavadbhiranubhūtāśca yathā kupuruṣaistathā.

4. araṇye duḥkhavasatīḥ matkṛte puruṣottamāḥ
bhavadbhiḥ anubhūtāḥ ca yathā kupuruṣaiḥ tathā

4. puruṣottamāḥ matkṛte araṇye duḥkhavasatīḥ
bhavadbhiḥ anubhūtāḥ ca yathā kupuruṣaiḥ tathā

4. O best among men (puruṣa), for my sake, you endured painful dwellings in the forest, just as if you were vile individuals.

Words meanings summery:

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

• दुःखवसतीः (duḥkhavasatīḥ) - painful dwellings, difficult residences

• मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

• पुरुषोत्तमाः (puruṣottamāḥ) - O Pāṇḍavas (O best among men)

• भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you all (the Pāṇḍavas) (by you (plural, respectful))

• अनुभूताः (anubhūtāḥ) - experienced, undergone

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• कुपुरुषैः (kupuruṣaiḥ) - by wicked men, by bad men

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

Words meanings and morphology

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, jungle

दुःखवसतीः (duḥkhavasatīḥ) - painful dwellings, difficult residences

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of duḥkhavasati

duḥkhavasati - painful dwelling, difficult residence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+vasati)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, difficulty
  noun (neuter)
• vasati – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Here as subject in a passive construction, or accusative object.

मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+kṛta)

• mad – I, me (genitive/ablative stem)
  pronoun
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used in the locative singular as an indeclinable 'for my sake'.

पुरुषोत्तमाः (puruṣottamāḥ) - O Pāṇḍavas (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of puruṣottama

puruṣottama - best among men, excellent man, supreme person (puruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+uttama)

• puruṣa – man, male, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressing the Pāṇḍavas.

भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you all (the Pāṇḍavas) (by you (plural, respectful))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful); being, existing

Present Active Participle (of 'bhū')

Present Active Participle of root 'bhū' (to be, become), used as a respectful pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'anubhūtāḥ'.

अनुभूताः (anubhūtāḥ) - experienced, undergone

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anubhūta

anubhūta - experienced, felt, undergone

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhavasatīḥ' (feminine plural nominative).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

कुपुरुषैः (kupuruṣaiḥ) - by wicked men, by bad men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kupuruṣa

kupuruṣa - bad man, vile person, wicked individual

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ku+puruṣa)

• ku – bad, evil, wicked
  prefix
• puruṣa – man, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Comparing the Pāṇḍavas' experience to that of wicked men.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

(indeclinable)