महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-340, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
सर्वत्र विहितो धर्मः स्वर्ग्यः सत्यफलोदयः ।
बहुद्वारस्य धर्मस्य नेहास्ति विफला क्रिया ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sarvatra vihito dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalodayaḥ ,
bahudvārasya dharmasya nehāsti viphalā kriyā.

2. bhīṣma uvāca | sarvatra vihitaḥ dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalodayaḥ
| bahudvārasya dharmasya na iha asti viphalā kriyā

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
dharmaḥ sarvatra vihitaḥ,
svargyaḥ,
satyaphalodayaḥ (ca asti).
bahudvārasya dharmasya iha viphalā kriyā na asti.

2. Bhīṣma said: The natural law (dharma) is universally prescribed; it leads to heaven and yields true results. For this natural law (dharma) with its many paths, no action here is ever fruitless.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, universally

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - prescribed, ordained, performed

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law, duty, constitution

• स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - leading to heaven, celestial

• सत्यफलोदयः (satyaphalodayaḥ) - yielding true results

• बहुद्वारस्य (bahudvārasya) - of many gates, with many paths

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law, of duty

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• विफला (viphalā) - fruitless, useless

• क्रिया (kriyā) - action, deed, ritual

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, universally

(indeclinable)

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - prescribed, ordained, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - prescribed, enjoined, done, arranged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √dhā (to place) with upasarga vi- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law, duty, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, characteristic

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - leading to heaven, celestial

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargya

svargya - leading to heaven, celestial, heavenly

Gerundive

Derived from svarga (heaven) with suffix -ya (meaning 'fit for' or 'conducive to').

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

सत्यफलोदयः (satyaphalodayaḥ) - yielding true results

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyaphalodaya

satyaphalodaya - whose fruit is truth, yielding true results

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+phala+udaya)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• udaya – rise, appearance, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √i (to go) with upasarga ud-.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

बहुद्वारस्य (bahudvārasya) - of many gates, with many paths

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bahudvāra

bahudvāra - having many doors/gates, having many means/paths

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+dvāra)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• dvāra – door, gate, means, way
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmasya'.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law, of duty

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, characteristic

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'kriyā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

विफला (viphalā) - fruitless, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viphala

viphala - fruitless, unproductive, useless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+phala)

• vi – without, separation (as prefix)
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kriyā'.

क्रिया (kriyā) - action, deed, ritual

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kriyā

kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual

Derived from root √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.