महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-340, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धर्माः पितामहेनोक्ता मोक्षधर्माश्रिताः शुभाः ।
धर्ममाश्रमिणां श्रेष्ठं वक्तुमर्हति मे भवान् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dharmāḥ pitāmahenoktā mokṣadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ ,
dharmamāśramiṇāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ vaktumarhati me bhavān.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | dharmāḥ
pitāmahena uktā mokṣadharmāśritāḥ
śubhāḥ | dharmam āśramiṇām
śreṣṭham vaktum arhati me bhavān

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
pitāmahena uktāḥ śubhāḥ mokṣadharmāśritāḥ dharmāḥ (santi).
bhavān me āśramiṇām śreṣṭham dharmam vaktum arhati.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: The auspicious natural laws (dharmas) pertaining to liberation (mokṣa) have been declared by my grandfather. You, Sir, should now explain to me the best natural law (dharma) for those in the various stages of life (āśrama).

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws, constitutions, duties

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhīṣma, the grandfather of Yudhiṣṭhira (by the grandfather)

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, declared

• मोक्षधर्माश्रिताः (mokṣadharmāśritāḥ) - pertaining to the natural laws of liberation

• शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious, pure, good

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, duty

• आश्रमिणाम् (āśramiṇām) - of those in the stages of life, of hermits

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to explain

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, should

• मे (me) - to me, my

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws, constitutions, duties

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, characteristic

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhīṣma, the grandfather of Yudhiṣṭhira (by the grandfather)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

Note: Agent of 'uktāḥ'.

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √vac (to speak) with suffix -ta.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmāḥ'.

मोक्षधर्माश्रिताः (mokṣadharmāśritāḥ) - pertaining to the natural laws of liberation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mokṣadharmāśrita

mokṣadharmāśrita - reliant on natural laws of liberation, pertaining to liberation's principles

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mokṣa+dharma+āśrita)

• mokṣa – liberation, emancipation, release
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √muc (to release).
  Root: muc (class 6)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, characteristic
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• āśrita – resorted to, dependent on, pertaining to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √śri (to resort to) with upasarga ā- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmāḥ'.

शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious, pure, good

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, good, pure

Note: Agrees with 'dharmāḥ'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, characteristic

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

आश्रमिणाम् (āśramiṇām) - of those in the stages of life, of hermits

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśramin

āśramin - one who observes an (āśrama), one residing in an (āśrama), a hermit

Derived from āśrama (stage of life/hermitage) + suffix -in.

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to explain

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of verb root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'arhati'.

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, should

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Variant of mahyam (dative) or mama (genitive).

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root √bhū (to be) with present active participle suffix -at.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Polite form of address, acting as the subject of 'arhati'.