महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-299, verse-11

शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
एते विशेषा राजेन्द्र महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
यैराविष्टानि भूतानि अहन्यहनि पार्थिव ॥११॥

11. śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ ,
ete viśeṣā rājendra mahābhūteṣu pañcasu ,
yairāviṣṭāni bhūtāni ahanyahani pārthiva.

11. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ
gandhaḥ ca pañcamaḥ ete viśeṣā
rājendra mahābhūteṣu pañcasu yaiḥ
āviṣṭāni bhūtāni ahanyahani pārthiva

11. rājendra pārthiva śabdaḥ ca sparśaḥ ca
rūpam ca rasaḥ ca gandhaḥ ca pañcamaḥ
ete pañcasu mahābhūteṣu viśeṣā (santi)
yaiḥ bhūtāni ahanyahani āviṣṭāni (bhavanti)

11. Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell as the fifth – these are the specific qualities, O King of kings, in the five great elements. By these, O ruler, the elements are pervaded day by day.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of sound (sound)

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of touch (touch)

• च (ca) - and

• रूपम् (rūpam) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of form/sight (form, sight)

• च (ca) - and

• रसः (rasaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of taste (taste, essence, juice)

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of smell (smell, fragrance)

• च (ca) - and

• पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - the fifth

• एते (ete) - these qualities (sound, touch, form, taste, smell) (these)

• विशेषा (viśeṣā) - the distinguishing attributes of the elements (specific qualities, distinctions)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - addressing the listener, typically a powerful ruler like Yudhishthira (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

• महाभूतेषु (mahābhūteṣu) - in the five fundamental great elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) (in the great elements)

• पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five great elements (in the five)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by these specific qualities (sound, etc.) (by which, by these)

• आविष्टानि (āviṣṭāni) - the elements are characterized or permeated by these qualities (pervaded, entered, possessed)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the (five great) elements (elements, beings, creatures)

• अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - constantly, continuously (day by day, daily)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - addressing the listener, typically a king like Yudhishthira (O ruler, O king, O son of Prithu)

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of sound (sound)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of touch (touch)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of form/sight (form, sight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, beauty, sight

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रसः (rasaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of taste (taste, essence, juice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, essence, juice, emotion

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - the tanmātra (subtle element) of smell (smell, fragrance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, fragrance

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - the fifth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

एते (ete) - these qualities (sound, touch, form, taste, smell) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this

विशेषा (viśeṣā) - the distinguishing attributes of the elements (specific qualities, distinctions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, specific quality, attribute

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - addressing the listener, typically a powerful ruler like Yudhishthira (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often suffix for 'chief of')
  noun (masculine)

महाभूतेषु (mahābhūteṣu) - in the five fundamental great elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) (in the great elements)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of mahābhūta

mahābhūta - great element (referring to earth, water, fire, air, ether)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhūta)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhūta – element, being
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five great elements (in the five)

(numeral)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by these specific qualities (sound, etc.) (by which, by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what

आविष्टानि (āviṣṭāni) - the elements are characterized or permeated by these qualities (pervaded, entered, possessed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, plural of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - pervaded, entered, possessed, overcome

Past Passive Participle

from root viś (to enter) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the (five great) elements (elements, beings, creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - element, being, creature, past

Past Passive Participle

from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - constantly, continuously (day by day, daily)

(indeclinable)

reduplication of ahan (day)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - addressing the listener, typically a king like Yudhishthira (O ruler, O king, O son of Prithu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthly, king, ruler, son of Pṛthā/Prithu