महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-299, verse-1

याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच ।
अव्यक्तस्य नरश्रेष्ठ कालसंख्यां निबोध मे ।
पञ्च कल्पसहस्राणि द्विगुणान्यहरुच्यते ॥१॥

1. yājñavalkya uvāca ,
avyaktasya naraśreṣṭha kālasaṁkhyāṁ nibodha me ,
pañca kalpasahasrāṇi dviguṇānyaharucyate.

1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca avyaktasya naraśreṣṭha kālasaṃkhyām
nibodha me pañca kalpasahasrāṇi dviguṇāni ahaḥ ucyate

1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca naraśreṣṭha avyaktasya kālasaṃkhyām
me nibodha pañca kalpasahasrāṇi dviguṇāni ahaḥ ucyate

1. Yājñavalkya said: "O best among men, learn from me the calculation of time for the unmanifest (being). A day is declared to be twice five thousand kalpas."

Words meanings summery:

• याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - The sage Yājñavalkya (Yājñavalkya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अव्यक्तस्य (avyaktasya) - of the unmanifest (being/principle) (of the unmanifest, of the unevolved)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (vocative) (O best among men)

• कालसंख्याम् (kālasaṁkhyām) - the calculation of time (the calculation/measure of time)

• निबोध (nibodha) - learn, understand (understand, know, learn)

• मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• कल्पसहस्राणि (kalpasahasrāṇi) - thousands of kalpas

• द्विगुणानि (dviguṇāni) - doubled, twice (in quantity) (doubled, twice)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (of Brahmā) (a day)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (to be) (is said, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - The sage Yājñavalkya (Yājñavalkya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yājñavalkya

yājñavalkya - Name of a renowned Vedic sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root vac (class 2) with reduplication (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

अव्यक्तस्य (avyaktasya) - of the unmanifest (being/principle) (of the unmanifest, of the unevolved)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unevolved, imperceptible

past passive participle

a (negation) + vi (prefix) + añj (root 'to manifest') + kta (suffix for PPP)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyakta – manifested, clear, distinct
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root añj with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'brahman' or ultimate reality.

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (vocative) (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form from śrī

Note: An address to a listener.

कालसंख्याम् (kālasaṁkhyām) - the calculation of time (the calculation/measure of time)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kālasaṃkhyā

kālasaṁkhyā - time calculation, measure of time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+saṃkhyā)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkhyā – number, calculation, enumeration
  noun (feminine)
  From saṃ-khyā (root khyā 'to know, tell')
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Object of `nibodha`.

निबोध (nibodha) - learn, understand (understand, know, learn)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

imperative mood, active voice, 2nd person singular

From root budh (class 1, 4, 9, 10), with prefix ni. Here class 1.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dative/genitive singular enclitic form of asmad. Here dative meaning "from me" or "for me".

Note: Indirect object of `nibodha`.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

कल्पसहस्राणि (kalpasahasrāṇi) - thousands of kalpas

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kalpasahasra

kalpasahasra - a thousand kalpas

Compound type : dvigu/tatpuruṣa (kalpa+sahasra)

• kalpa – a cosmic day of Brahmā, a vast period of time
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – a thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of `ucyate` along with `dviguṇāni`.

द्विगुणानि (dviguṇāni) - doubled, twice (in quantity) (doubled, twice)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double

dwi (two) + guṇa (multiplier/times)

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – multiplier, quality, thread
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `kalpasahasrāṇi`.

अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (of Brahmā) (a day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahas

ahas - day

Note: Predicate nominative for `ucyate`.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (to be) (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present tense, passive voice, 3rd person singular

From root vac (irregular passive form, takes the place of vacyate).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Null subject is implied 'it' referring to the calculation.