महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-268, verse-2

येयमर्थोद्भवा तृष्णा कथमेतां पितामह ।
निवर्तयेम पापं हि तृष्णया कारिता वयम् ॥२॥

2. yeyamarthodbhavā tṛṣṇā kathametāṁ pitāmaha ,
nivartayema pāpaṁ hi tṛṣṇayā kāritā vayam.

2. yā iyam artha-udbhavā tṛṣṇā katham etām pitāmaha
nivartayema pāpam hi tṛṣṇayā kāritāḥ vayam

2. pitāmaha yā iyam artha-udbhavā tṛṣṇā etām katham nivartayema? hi vayam tṛṣṇayā pāpam kāritāḥ.

2. O Grandfather, how can we eradicate this craving (tṛṣṇā) that arises from material desires? Indeed, we have been driven to commit sinful acts by such craving (tṛṣṇā).

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - this (feminine) (which, who, what)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine) (this, she)

• अर्थ-उद्भवा (artha-udbhavā) - arising from material desires (arising from material possessions, originating from objects/wealth)

• तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā) - craving (tṛṣṇā) (craving, thirst, desire)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

• एताम् (etām) - this (craving) (this (feminine, accusative))

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressed to Bhishma by Yudhishthira) (grandfather)

• निवर्तयेम (nivartayema) - how may we reverse/eradicate (may we turn back, may we desist, may we remove)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sinful acts (sin, evil, bad deed)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving (tṛṣṇā) (by craving, by thirst)

• कारिताः (kāritāḥ) - driven to commit (caused, made to do, driven)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - this (feminine) (which, who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Used here with iyam to emphasize 'this very' or 'this which'

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine) (this, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अर्थ-उद्भवा (artha-udbhavā) - arising from material desires (arising from material possessions, originating from objects/wealth)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of artha-udbhava

artha-udbhava - arising from gain/wealth/objects

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+udbhava)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, desire
  noun (masculine)
• udbhava – origin, source, birth, arising
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Compound with -ā as ending for feminine nominative singular

तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā) - craving (tṛṣṇā) (craving, thirst, desire)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - thirst, craving, intense desire

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

एताम् (etām) - this (craving) (this (feminine, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to tṛṣṇā.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressed to Bhishma by Yudhishthira) (grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

निवर्तयेम (nivartayema) - how may we reverse/eradicate (may we turn back, may we desist, may we remove)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nivartaya

causative

Causative of ni-vṛt (to turn, cease)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used as a question 'how may we...?'

पापम् (pāpam) - sinful acts (sin, evil, bad deed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked; sin, vice, evil deed

Note: Can be plural in context 'sinful acts'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving (tṛṣṇā) (by craving, by thirst)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - thirst, craving, intense desire

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

कारिताः (kāritāḥ) - driven to commit (caused, made to do, driven)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kārita

kārita - caused, made, done, produced

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: In this context, it implies 'made to act' or 'driven'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we