महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-268, verse-12

या दुस्त्यजा दुर्मतिभिर्या न जीर्यति जीर्यतः ।
योऽसौ प्राणान्तिको रोगस्तां तृष्णां त्यजतः सुखम् ॥१२॥

12. yā dustyajā durmatibhiryā na jīryati jīryataḥ ,
yo'sau prāṇāntiko rogastāṁ tṛṣṇāṁ tyajataḥ sukham.

12. yā dustyajā durmatibhiḥ yā na jīryati jīryataḥ yaḥ
asau prāṇāntikaḥ rogaḥ tām tṛṣṇām tyajataḥ sukham

12. yā durmatibhiḥ dustyajā,
yā jīryataḥ na jīryati,
yaḥ asau prāṇāntikaḥ rogaḥ — tām tṛṣṇām tyajataḥ sukham

12. The craving (tṛṣṇā) which is difficult for the foolish to abandon, which does not diminish even as the person ages, and which is indeed a life-ending disease – for one who renounces that craving, there is happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine))

• दुस्त्यजा (dustyajā) - difficult to abandon (difficult to abandon, hard to renounce)

• दुर्मतिभिः (durmatibhiḥ) - by the foolish (by the foolish, by those with evil minds, by the ill-minded)

• या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जीर्यति (jīryati) - decays (decays, grows old, wastes away, wears out)

• जीर्यतः (jīryataḥ) - of him who is decaying (aging) (of him who is decaying, of one who is growing old, from one who is decaying)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (which, who (masculine))

• असौ (asau) - that (emphatic) (that, yonder (masculine))

• प्राणान्तिकः (prāṇāntikaḥ) - life-ending (ending with life, mortal, fatal, life-threatening)

• रोगः (rogaḥ) - disease (disease, illness, sickness, malady)

• ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine))

• तृष्णाम् (tṛṣṇām) - craving (tṛṣṇā) (craving, thirst, desire, longing, greed)

• त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who renounces (of him who abandons, from him who abandons)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, ease, comfort, pleasure)

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Relative pronoun.

दुस्त्यजा (dustyajā) - difficult to abandon (difficult to abandon, hard to renounce)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dustyaja

dustyaja - difficult to abandon, hard to give up

Gerundive

Derived from root 'tyaj' with upasarga 'dus-' and suffix '-yat'.

Prefix: dus

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Formed with 'dus' (bad/difficult) + 'tyaj' (to abandon).

दुर्मतिभिः (durmatibhiḥ) - by the foolish (by the foolish, by those with evil minds, by the ill-minded)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durmati

durmati - foolish, stupid, ill-minded, wicked

Bahuvrīhi or Tatpurusha compound: 'dur' (bad) + 'mati' (mind/intelligence).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix for negative or difficult sense.
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used substantively.

या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

जीर्यति (jīryati) - decays (decays, grows old, wastes away, wears out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jṝ

Present Tense, Third Person Singular

From root 'jṝ'.

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'tṛṣṇā' (implied by 'yā').

जीर्यतः (jīryataḥ) - of him who is decaying (aging) (of him who is decaying, of one who is growing old, from one who is decaying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīryat

jīryat - decaying, growing old, wearing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jṝ' with suffix '-śatṛ'.

Root: jṝ (class 4)

Note: Refers to an aging person.

यः (yaḥ) - which (which, who (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Relative pronoun.

असौ (asau) - that (emphatic) (that, yonder (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, such a one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Often used with a relative pronoun for emphasis.

प्राणान्तिकः (prāṇāntikaḥ) - life-ending (ending with life, mortal, fatal, life-threatening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇāntika

prāṇāntika - ending with life, mortal, fatal

Tatpurusha compound 'prāṇa-anta' + suffix '-ika'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+anta)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, limit, death
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rogaḥ'.

रोगः (rogaḥ) - disease (disease, illness, sickness, malady)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roga

roga - disease, illness, sickness, malady

From root 'ruj' (to break, to pain).

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Refers metaphorically to 'tṛṣṇā'.

ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Corresponds to the relative 'yā'.

तृष्णाम् (tṛṣṇām) - craving (tṛṣṇā) (craving, thirst, desire, longing, greed)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - thirst, craving, desire, longing, greed

From root 'tṛṣ' (to thirst).

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: The primary object of abandonment.

त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who renounces (of him who abandons, from him who abandons)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, forsaking, leaving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'tyaj' with suffix '-śatṛ'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent of abandoning 'tṛṣṇā'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, ease, comfort, pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, comfort, pleasure