महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-268, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
भ्रातरः पितरः पुत्रा ज्ञातयः सुहृदस्तथा ।
अर्थहेतोर्हताः क्रूरैरस्माभिः पापबुद्धिभिः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
bhrātaraḥ pitaraḥ putrā jñātayaḥ suhṛdastathā ,
arthahetorhatāḥ krūrairasmābhiḥ pāpabuddhibhiḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhrātaraḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ jñātayaḥ suhṛdaḥ
tathā arthahetoḥ hatāḥ krūraiḥ asmābhiḥ pāpabuddhibhiḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: bhrātaraḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ jñātayaḥ tathā
suhṛdaḥ arthahetoḥ krūraiḥ pāpabuddhibhiḥ asmābhiḥ hatāḥ

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: Brothers, fathers, sons, relatives, and friends alike have been slain for the sake of material gain by us, who are cruel and possess sinful intellects.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen, relatives

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• अर्थहेतोः (arthahetoḥ) - for the sake of wealth, for the sake of purpose/gain

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck

• क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - by the cruel ones, by the fierce ones

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• पापबुद्धिभिः (pāpabuddhibhiḥ) - by those of sinful intellect, by those with evil minds

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen, relatives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative

Root: jñā (class 9)

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'hṛd' (heart)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

अर्थहेतोः (arthahetoḥ) - for the sake of wealth, for the sake of purpose/gain

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'artha' (wealth/purpose) and 'hetu' (cause/reason). Used adverbially in the ablative/genitive.

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+hetu)

• artha – wealth, property, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Here used as an ablative of cause

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - by the cruel ones, by the fierce ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, savage

Note: Modifies 'asmābhiḥ'

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun

पापबुद्धिभिः (pāpabuddhibhiḥ) - by those of sinful intellect, by those with evil minds

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - sinful intellect, evil mind

Bahuvrīhi compound: pāpa (sinful) + buddhi (intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – sinful, evil, demerit
  adjective (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'asmābhiḥ'