महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-240, verse-19

परिद्रष्टा गुणानां स स्रष्टा चैव यथातथम् ।
सत्त्वक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेतदन्तरं विद्धि सूक्ष्मयोः ॥१९॥

19. paridraṣṭā guṇānāṁ sa sraṣṭā caiva yathātatham ,
sattvakṣetrajñayoretadantaraṁ viddhi sūkṣmayoḥ.

19. paridraṣṭā guṇānām saḥ sraṣṭā ca eva yathātatham
| sattvakṣetrajñayoḥ etat antaram viddhi sūkṣmayoḥ

19. saḥ guṇānām paridraṣṭā ca eva yathātatham sraṣṭā
sūkṣmayoḥ sattvakṣetrajñayoḥ etat antaram viddhi

19. He (the knower of the field, kṣetrajña) is the observer of the qualities (guṇa-s) and indeed, truly, the orchestrator (of their manifestations). Understand this subtle difference between the material principle (sattva) and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña), both of which are subtle.

Words meanings summery:

• परिद्रष्टा (paridraṣṭā) - observer, witness, seer

• गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the qualities (guṇa-s) of nature (prakṛti) (of the qualities, of the constituent principles)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the kṣetrajña, knower of the field) (he, that (one))

• स्रष्टा (sraṣṭā) - creator, producer, emanator

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, accurately, as it is

• सत्त्वक्षेत्रज्ञयोः (sattvakṣetrajñayoḥ) - of the material principle (sattva) and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) (of sattva and kṣetrajña)

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• अन्तरम् (antaram) - difference, distinction, interval

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• सूक्ष्मयोः (sūkṣmayoḥ) - of the two subtle ones

Words meanings and morphology

परिद्रष्टा (paridraṣṭā) - observer, witness, seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridraṣṭṛ

paridraṣṭṛ - observer, witness, seer, supervisor

Agent Noun

Derived from the root dṛś (to see) with prefix pari- and suffix -tṛ.

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the qualities (guṇa-s) of nature (prakṛti) (of the qualities, of the constituent principles)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of prakṛti (sattva, rajas, tamas), strand, string

सः (saḥ) - he (the kṣetrajña, knower of the field) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of 'sa' before a voiced consonant or vowel.

स्रष्टा (sraṣṭā) - creator, producer, emanator

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sraṣṭṛ

sraṣṭṛ - creator, fashioner, producer

Agent Noun

Derived from the root sṛj (to create, emit) with suffix -tṛ.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, accurately, as it is

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tathā)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• tathā – so, thus, in that manner
  indeclinable

सत्त्वक्षेत्रज्ञयोः (sattvakṣetrajñayoḥ) - of the material principle (sattva) and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) (of sattva and kṣetrajña)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sattvakṣetrajña

sattvakṣetrajña - sattva and kṣetrajña

Dvaṃdva compound.

Compound type : itaretara-yoga-dvandva (sattva+kṣetrajña)

• sattva – existence, reality, essence, material principle; quality of goodness/purity (a guṇa)
  noun (neuter)
  From root as 'to be'.
  Root: as (class 2)
• kṣetrajña – knower of the field, soul, individual self, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of kṣetra (field, body) and jña (knower).

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near speaker)

Note: Refers to 'antaram'.

अन्तरम् (antaram) - difference, distinction, interval

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antara

antara - interior, interval, difference, distinction, other

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

सूक्ष्मयोः (sūkṣmayoḥ) - of the two subtle ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate