महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-195, verse-6

यतो गृहीत्वा हि करोति यच्च यस्मिंश्च तामारभते प्रवृत्तिम् ।
यस्मिंश्च यद्येन च यश्च कर्ता तत्कारणं तं समुपायमाहुः ॥६॥

6. yato gṛhītvā hi karoti yacca; yasmiṁśca tāmārabhate pravṛttim ,
yasmiṁśca yadyena ca yaśca kartā; tatkāraṇaṁ taṁ samupāyamāhuḥ.

6. yataḥ gṛhītvā hi karoti yat ca
yasmin ca tām ārabhatē pravṛttim
yasmin ca yat yena ca yaḥ ca kartā
tat kāraṇam tam samupāyam āhuḥ

6. yataḥ hi yat ca gṛhītvā karoti,
yasmin ca tām pravṛttim ārabhate,
yasmin ca yat yena ca yaḥ ca kartā tat kāraṇam tam samupāyam āhuḥ

6. Indeed, that from which one takes (inspiration/power) and acts, and in which one initiates that activity; and in which, by what means, and who is the doer (kartā) — that is the cause. They call that (source) the ultimate means.

Words meanings summery:

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, from whom, because

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having received

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that which

• च (ca) - and, also

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• ताम् (tām) - that

• आरभते (ārabhatē) - begins, undertakes

• प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - the action or activity initiated (activity, action, course, evolution)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that which

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्ता (kartā) - the agent responsible for action (doer, agent, creator)

• तत् (tat) - that entity or principle described by the relative clauses (that, it)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the ultimate cause (cause, reason, instrument)

• तम् (tam) - that ultimate cause or principle (him, that)

• समुपायम् (samupāyam) - the ultimate means or way to understanding (means, expedient, proper method, approach)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

Words meanings and morphology

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, from whom, because

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that which

Note: Ablative of 'yat', often used adverbially.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having received

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √grah (to seize, take) with suffix -tvā.

Root: grah (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present active

3rd person singular present active of root √kṛ, class 8.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that which

Note: Often used as a relative pronoun, here it could be referring to the action.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that which

Note: Locative singular of 'yat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'pravṛttim'.

आरभते (ārabhatē) - begins, undertakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-rabh

present middle

3rd person singular present middle of root √rabh (class 1) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - the action or activity initiated (activity, action, course, evolution)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, course, evolution, tendency

Derived from pra-√vṛt.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that which

Note: Locative singular of 'yat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that which

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that which

Note: Instrumental singular of 'yat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that which

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'yat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कर्ता (kartā) - the agent responsible for action (doer, agent, creator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator, author

Agent noun from root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that entity or principle described by the relative clauses (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the collective aspects described by the 'yat' clauses.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the ultimate cause (cause, reason, instrument)

(noun)

neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This is the predicate nominative for 'tat'.

तम् (tam) - that ultimate cause or principle (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to the ultimate cause, here considered a masculine entity/principle.

समुपायम् (samupāyam) - the ultimate means or way to understanding (means, expedient, proper method, approach)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samupāya

samupāya - means, expedient, proper method, approach

From sam-upa-√i.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person plural perfect active of root √vac (to speak). Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)