महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-184, verse-10

गार्हस्थ्यं खलु द्वितीयमाश्रमं वदन्ति ।
तस्य समुदाचारलक्षणं सर्वमनुव्याख्यास्यामः ।
समावृत्तानां सदाराणां सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनां गृहाश्रमो विधीयते ।
धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिर्ह्यत्र त्रिवर्गसाधनमवेक्ष्यागर्हितेन कर्मणा धनान्यादाय स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेन वा अद्रिसारगतेन वा हव्यनियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन वा धनेन गृहस्थो गार्हस्थ्यं प्रवर्तयेत् ।
तद्धि सर्वाश्रमाणां मूलमुदाहरन्ति ।
गुरुकुलवासिनः परिव्राजका ये चान्ये संकल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनस्तेषामप्यत एव भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः प्रवर्तन्ते ॥१०॥

10. gārhasthyaṁ khalu dvitīyamāśramaṁ vadanti ,
tasya samudācāralakṣaṇaṁ sarvamanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ ,
samāvṛttānāṁ sadārāṇāṁ sahadharmacaryāphalārthināṁ gṛhāśramo vidhīyate ,
dharmārthakāmāvāptirhyatra trivargasādhanamavekṣyāgarhitena karmaṇā dhanānyādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena brahmarṣinirmitena vā adrisāragatena vā havyaniyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhastho gārhasthyaṁ pravartayet ,
taddhi sarvāśramāṇāṁ mūlamudāharanti ,
gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakā ye cānye saṁkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinasteṣāmapyata eva bhikṣābalisaṁvibhāgāḥ pravartante.

10. gārhasthyam khalu dvitīyam āśramam vadanti tasya samudācāralakṣaṇam sarvam anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ samāvṛttānām sadārāṇām sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām
gṛhāśramaḥ vidhīyate dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ hi atra trivargasādhanam avekṣya agarhitena karmaṇā dhanāni ādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena brahmarṣinirmiteṇa
vā adrisāragatena vā havya niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhasthaḥ gārhasthyam pravartayet tat hi sarvāśramāṇām mūlam
udāharanti gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakāḥ ye ca anye saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ teṣām api ataḥ eva bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ pravartante

10. khalu gārhasthyam dvitīyam āśramam vadanti tasyāḥ samudācāralakṣaṇam sarvam anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ samāvṛttānām sadārāṇām sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām
gṛhāśramaḥ vidhīyate atra hi dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ trivargasādhanam avekṣya agarhitena karmaṇā dhanāni ādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena vā
brahmarṣinirmiteṇa vā adrisāragatena vā havya niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhasthaḥ gārhasthyam pravartayet tat hi sarvāśramāṇām mūlam
udāharanti gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakāḥ ye ca anye saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ teṣām api ataḥ eva bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ pravartante

10. Indeed, they call the householder life the second stage (āśrama). We will explain all its characteristics of proper conduct. The householder stage (āśrama) is prescribed for those who have completed their studies, who have wives, and who desire the fruit of shared virtuous conduct. Indeed, having considered the attainment of (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) as the means to achieve the three goals (trivarga) here, the householder should lead the householder life by acquiring wealth through blameless action (karma), or by means obtained through excellence in Vedic study (svādhyāya), or by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis, or by that derived from the essence of mountains, or by that obtained through the grace of deities (daivataprasāda) through the practice of offerings (havya) and regular rituals (niyama). Indeed, they declare that to be the root of all stages of life (āśramas). And for those residing in the guru's (guru) household, for wandering ascetics, and for others who observe vows (vrata), rules (niyama), and (dharma) ordained with determination, shares of alms and offerings are supplied from this (the householder's support) for this very reason.

Words meanings summery:

• गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder life (householder life, state of a householder)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second (second, secondary)

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage, abode)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they call, they say (they say, they speak, they tell)

• तस्य (tasya) - its (of that, its)

• समुदाचारलक्षणम् (samudācāralakṣaṇam) - characteristics of proper conduct (characteristic of proper conduct, mark of good custom)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, whole)

• अनुव्याख्यास्यामः (anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ) - we will explain (we will explain, we will describe)

• समावृत्तानाम् (samāvṛttānām) - for those who have completed their studies (of those who have completed their studies, of those who have returned)

• सदाराणाम् (sadārāṇām) - for those with wives (of those with wives, married)

• सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनाम् (sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām) - for those desiring the fruit of shared virtuous conduct (of those desiring the fruit of shared virtuous conduct)

• गृहाश्रमः (gṛhāśramaḥ) - the householder stage (āśrama) (householder stage of life)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is ordained, is prescribed, is arranged)

• धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिः (dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ) - attainment of (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) (attainment of dharma, artha, and kāma (the three puruṣārthas))

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter, in this context)

• त्रिवर्गसाधनम् (trivargasādhanam) - means to achieve the three goals (trivarga) (means of achieving the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma))

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having considered (having considered, having perceived, having seen)

• अगर्हितेन (agarhitena) - by blameless (by blameless, by unblamed, by proper)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work, by ritual)

• धनानि (dhanāni) - wealth (wealth, riches, treasures)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having acquired (having taken, having acquired, having seized)

• स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन (svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena) - by means obtained through excellence in Vedic study (svādhyāya) (by that obtained through excellence in Vedic study)

• ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेण (brahmarṣinirmiteṇa) - by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis (by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis (sages))

• वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

• अद्रिसारगतेन (adrisāragatena) - by that derived from the essence of mountains (e.g., minerals, gems) (by that obtained from the essence of mountains)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

• हव्य (havya) - offerings (havya) (offering, oblation, sacrificial food)

• नियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन (niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena) - by that obtained through the grace of deities (daivataprasāda) through the practice of offerings (havya) and regular rituals (niyama) (by that obtained through the grace of deities by practicing offerings and regular rituals)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

• धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth (by wealth, by riches)

• गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - the householder (householder)

• गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder life (householder life, state of a householder)

• प्रवर्तयेत् (pravartayet) - should lead (should conduct, should cause to proceed, should lead)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to gārhasthya) (that, it)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• सर्वाश्रमाणाम् (sarvāśramāṇām) - of all stages of life (āśramas) (of all stages of life)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root (root, foundation, origin)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they declare (they declare, they describe, they cite)

• गुरुकुलवासिनः (gurukulavāsinaḥ) - those residing in the guru's (guru) household (those residing in the guru's household, students)

• परिव्राजकाः (parivrājakāḥ) - wandering ascetics (wandering ascetics, mendicants)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• सङ्कल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनः (saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ) - those who observe vows (vrata), rules (niyama), and (dharma) ordained with determination (those who observe vows, rules, and dharma ordained with determination)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (of them, for them)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• अतः (ataḥ) - for this reason, from this (therefore, hence, from this)

• एव (eva) - very reason (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः (bhikṣābalisaṁvibhāgāḥ) - shares of alms and offerings

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - are supplied (they proceed, they arise, they are supplied)

Words meanings and morphology

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder life (householder life, state of a householder)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - householder life, state of a householder

Neuter noun, derived from gṛhastha (householder)

खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second (second, secondary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, secondary

Ordinal numeral, derived from dvi (two)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, abode

Masculine noun

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they call, they say (they say, they speak, they tell)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vad

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, indicative mood

Root: vad (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - its (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, genitive singular masculine/neuter

समुदाचारलक्षणम् (samudācāralakṣaṇam) - characteristics of proper conduct (characteristic of proper conduct, mark of good custom)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samudācāralakṣaṇa

samudācāralakṣaṇa - characteristic of proper conduct, mark of good custom

Neuter noun, tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samudācāra+lakṣaṇa)

• samudācāra – proper conduct, good custom, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From root car with prefixes sam + ud + ā
  Prefixes: sam+ud+ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From root lakṣ (to perceive, mark)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, whole)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, entire, whole, every

Universal pronoun/adjective, neuter singular accusative

अनुव्याख्यास्यामः (anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ) - we will explain (we will explain, we will describe)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of anuvyākhyā

Future active indicative

1st person plural, future tense, active voice, indicative mood

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

समावृत्तानाम् (samāvṛttānām) - for those who have completed their studies (of those who have completed their studies, of those who have returned)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samāvṛtta

samāvṛtta - returned (from gurukula), completed studies, come back

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt with prefix sam + ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies sadārāṇām and sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām.

सदाराणाम् (sadārāṇām) - for those with wives (of those with wives, married)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sadāra

sadāra - with wife, married

Bahuvrīhi compound, masculine plural genitive

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dāra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, often used in plural for wife (dārāḥ)

सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनाम् (sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām) - for those desiring the fruit of shared virtuous conduct (of those desiring the fruit of shared virtuous conduct)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sahadharmacaryāphalārthin

sahadharmacaryāphalārthin - desiring the fruit of shared virtuous conduct

Tatpuruṣa compound, masculine plural genitive

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sahadharmacaryāphala+arthin)

• sahadharma – shared duty, joint religious practice
  noun (masculine)
  Compound (saha + dharma)
• caryā – conduct, practice, course of action
  noun (feminine)
  Action noun
  From root car (to move, conduct)
  Root: car (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object)

गृहाश्रमः (gṛhāśramaḥ) - the householder stage (āśrama) (householder stage of life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhāśrama

gṛhāśrama - householder stage of life, the āśrama of a householder

Masculine noun, tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+āśrama)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• āśrama – stage of life, hermitage
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is ordained, is prescribed, is arranged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vidhā

Present passive indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice, indicative mood

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिः (dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ) - attainment of (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) (attainment of dharma, artha, and kāma (the three puruṣārthas))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmārthakāmāvāpti

dharmārthakāmāvāpti - attainment of dharma, artha, and kāma

Feminine noun, compound (dharma-artha-kāma + avāpti)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+kāma+avāpti)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, wealth, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
• kāma – desire, pleasure, love
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Root: kam (class 1)
• avāpti – attainment, acquisition, obtaining
  noun (feminine)
  Action noun
  From root āp with prefix ava
  Prefix: ava
  Root: āp (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter, in this context)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb from pronoun idam

त्रिवर्गसाधनम् (trivargasādhanam) - means to achieve the three goals (trivarga) (means of achieving the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trivargasādhana

trivargasādhana - means of achieving the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma)

Neuter noun, tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trivarga+sādhana)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, compound (tri + varga)
• sādhana – means, instrument, accomplishing
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From root sādh (to accomplish)
  Root: sādh (class 5)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having considered (having considered, having perceived, having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root īkṣ (to see) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अगर्हितेन (agarhitena) - by blameless (by blameless, by unblamed, by proper)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of agarhita

agarhita - unblamed, blameless, proper

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound, neuter singular instrumental

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+garhita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• garhita – blamed, censured, despicable
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root garh (to blame)
  Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with karmaṇā.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work, by ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

Neuter noun

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धनानि (dhanāni) - wealth (wealth, riches, treasures)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Neuter noun

Root: dhan (class 1)

आदाय (ādāya) - having acquired (having taken, having acquired, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root dā (to give) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन (svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena) - by means obtained through excellence in Vedic study (svādhyāya) (by that obtained through excellence in Vedic study)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdha

svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdha - obtained through excellence in Vedic study

Tatpuruṣa compound, neuter singular instrumental

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svādhyāyaprakarṣa+upalabdha)

• svādhyāya – self-study, study of Vedas, sacred recitation
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, compound (sva + adhyāya)
• prakarṣa – excellence, superiority, intensity
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, from root kṛṣ with pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• upalabdha – obtained, acquired, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root labh (to obtain) with prefix upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanena.

ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेण (brahmarṣinirmiteṇa) - by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis (by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis (sages))

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahmarṣinirmita

brahmarṣinirmita - produced or created by a Brahma-ṛṣi

Tatpuruṣa compound, neuter singular instrumental

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmarṣi+nirmita)

• brahmarṣi – Brahma-ṛṣi, a divine sage of the highest order
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, compound (brahman + ṛṣi)
• nirmita – made, created, built
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mā (to measure, make) with prefix nir
  Prefix: nir
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with dhanena.

वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अद्रिसारगतेन (adrisāragatena) - by that derived from the essence of mountains (e.g., minerals, gems) (by that obtained from the essence of mountains)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of adrisāragata

adrisāragata - obtained from the essence of mountains

Tatpuruṣa compound, neuter singular instrumental

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adri+sāra+gata)

• adri – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
• sāra – essence, core, strength, best part
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine/neuter noun
• gata – gone, obtained, resorted to
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanena.

वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

हव्य (havya) - offerings (havya) (offering, oblation, sacrificial food)

(noun)

neuter, singular of havya

havya - offering, oblation, sacrificial food

Gerundive

From root hu (to offer)

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Used as part of a compound.

नियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन (niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena) - by that obtained through the grace of deities (daivataprasāda) through the practice of offerings (havya) and regular rituals (niyama) (by that obtained through the grace of deities by practicing offerings and regular rituals)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdha

niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdha - obtained through the grace of deities by practice of observances and offerings

Tatpuruṣa compound, neuter singular instrumental

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niyamābhyāsa+daivataprasāda+upalabdha)

• niyama – rule, regulation, observance, discipline
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• abhyāsa – practice, repetition, study
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, from root as (to throw) with abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: as (class 4)
• daivata – divine, deity, god
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Neuter noun (often referring to a deity or divine nature)
• prasāda – grace, favor, clearness, serenity
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, from root sad (to sit) with pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• upalabdha – obtained, acquired, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root labh (to obtain) with prefix upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanena.

वा (vā) - or (or, either, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth (by wealth, by riches)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Neuter noun

Root: dhan (class 1)

गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - the householder (householder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one who dwells in a house

Masculine noun, compound (gṛha + stha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• stha – standing, dwelling, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder life (householder life, state of a householder)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - householder life, state of a householder

Neuter noun, derived from gṛhastha (householder)

प्रवर्तयेत् (pravartayet) - should lead (should conduct, should cause to proceed, should lead)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pravṛt

Optative active causative

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice, causative stem

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to gārhasthya) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

सर्वाश्रमाणाम् (sarvāśramāṇām) - of all stages of life (āśramas) (of all stages of life)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvāśrama

sarvāśrama - all stages of life

Masculine noun, compound (sarva + āśrama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+āśrama)

• sarva – all, entire, every
  adjective (masculine)
  Universal pronoun/adjective
• āśrama – stage of life, hermitage
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root (root, foundation, origin)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, foundation, origin, basis

Neuter noun

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they declare (they declare, they describe, they cite)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, indicative mood

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गुरुकुलवासिनः (gurukulavāsinaḥ) - those residing in the guru's (guru) household (those residing in the guru's household, students)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gurukulavāsin

gurukulavāsin - residing in the guru's family, student living with a teacher

Masculine noun, tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gurukula+vāsin)

• guru – teacher, spiritual guide, heavy, important
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Masculine noun
• kula – family, lineage, household, community
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• vāsin – dweller, resident, inhabiting
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

परिव्राजकाः (parivrājakāḥ) - wandering ascetics (wandering ascetics, mendicants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parivrājaka

parivrājaka - wandering ascetic, mendicant, renunciant

Masculine noun

Prefix: pari

Root: vraj (class 1)

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, masculine plural nominative

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Pronoun/adjective, masculine plural nominative

सङ्कल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनः (saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ) - those who observe vows (vrata), rules (niyama), and (dharma) ordained with determination (those who observe vows, rules, and dharma ordained with determination)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyin

saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyin - one who observes vows, rules, and dharma ordained with determination

Bahuvrīhi compound, masculine plural nominative

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṅkalpitavrataniyama+dharma+anuṣṭhāyin)

• saṅkalpita – determined, resolved, imagined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kḷp (to arrange, resolve) with sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• niyama – rule, regulation, observance, discipline
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• anuṣṭhāyin – practicing, observing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand) with anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural genitive

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अतः (ataḥ) - for this reason, from this (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

एव (eva) - very reason (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः (bhikṣābalisaṁvibhāgāḥ) - shares of alms and offerings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāga

bhikṣābalisaṁvibhāga - shares of alms and offerings

Masculine noun, dvandva compound (bhikṣā + bali + saṃvibhāga)

Compound type : dvandva (bhikṣā+bali+saṃvibhāga)

• bhikṣā – alms, begging, alms-food
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine noun, from root bhikṣ (to beg)
  Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
• bali – offering, tribute, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun
• saṃvibhāga – sharing, distribution, portion, share
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, from root bhaj (to divide) with sam + vi
  Prefixes: sam+vi
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - are supplied (they proceed, they arise, they are supplied)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pravṛt

Present middle indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice, indicative mood

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)