महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-176, verse-3

यत्प्राणाः सर्वभूतानां वर्धन्ते येन च प्रजाः ।
परित्यक्ताश्च नश्यन्ति तेनेदं सर्वमावृतम् ॥३॥

3. yatprāṇāḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ vardhante yena ca prajāḥ ,
parityaktāśca naśyanti tenedaṁ sarvamāvṛtam.

3. yat prāṇāḥ sarvabhūtānām vardhante yena ca prajāḥ
parityaktāḥ ca naśyanti tena idam sarvam āvṛtam

3. yat sarvabhūtānām prāṇāḥ vardhante yena ca prajāḥ
parityaktāḥ ca naśyanti tena idam sarvam āvṛtam

3. By which the life-breaths (prāṇa) of all beings (bhūta) increase, and by which creatures (prajā) thrive, and being abandoned, they perish—by that [water], all this is pervaded.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that by which (referring to water) (which, that by which)

• प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - life-breaths, vital airs, life-forces

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - grow, increase, thrive

• येन (yena) - by which (referring to water) (by which)

• च (ca) - and

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, progeny, subjects

• परित्यक्ताः (parityaktāḥ) - being abandoned (abandoned, forsaken, neglected)

• च (ca) - and

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish, are destroyed, vanish

• तेन (tena) - by that (water) (by that (instrumental pronoun))

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (world)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, pervaded

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that by which (referring to water) (which, that by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Instrumental form, referring to the water mentioned in the previous verse.

प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - life-breaths, vital airs, life-forces

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - life-breath, vital air, life-force, spirit

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of vardhante.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, existing
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Derived from bhū with kta suffix
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive for prāṇāḥ.

वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - grow, increase, thrive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛdh

present indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

येन (yena) - by which (referring to water) (by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Instrumental, referring to water (jala).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, progeny, subjects

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, creatures, subjects

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of an implied 'vardhante' and directly of 'naśyanti'.

परित्यक्ताः (parityaktāḥ) - being abandoned (abandoned, forsaken, neglected)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of parityakta

parityakta - abandoned, forsaken, given up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pari-tyaj with kta suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for prajāḥ, implying 'when they are abandoned'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish, are destroyed, vanish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of naś

present indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Verb for prajāḥ (when abandoned).

तेन (tena) - by that (water) (by that (instrumental pronoun))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the water (jala).

इदम् (idam) - this, this (world)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Refers to 'all this' (sarvam).

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Subject of the passive verb āvṛtam (implied 'is').

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, pervaded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, encompassed, pervaded, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ā-vṛ with kta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with idam sarvam.