महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-3, verse-13

संवत्सरगतो वापि द्विसंवत्सर एव वा ।
यौवनस्थोऽपि मध्यस्थो वृद्धो वापि विपद्यते ॥१३॥

13. saṁvatsaragato vāpi dvisaṁvatsara eva vā ,
yauvanastho'pi madhyastho vṛddho vāpi vipadyate.

13. saṃvatsaragataḥ vā api dvisaṃvatsaraḥ eva vā |
yauvanasthaḥ api madhyasthaḥ vṛddhaḥ vā api vipadyate

13. saṃvatsaragataḥ vā api dvisaṃvatsaraḥ eva vā yauvanasthaḥ
api madhyasthaḥ vā api vṛddhaḥ vā api vipadyate

13. Whether one year old, or even two years old; even while in youth, or in middle age, or old — one perishes.

Words meanings summery:

• संवत्सरगतः (saṁvatsaragataḥ) - one year old, having passed a year

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

• द्विसंवत्सरः (dvisaṁvatsaraḥ) - two years old, having two years

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यौवनस्थः (yauvanasthaḥ) - in youth, youthful

• अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

• मध्यस्थः (madhyasthaḥ) - in middle age, standing in the middle

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

• विपद्यते (vipadyate) - perishes, dies, fails

Words meanings and morphology

संवत्सरगतः (saṁvatsaragataḥ) - one year old, having passed a year

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsaragata

saṁvatsaragata - having passed a year, a year old

Compound of 'saṃvatsara' (year) and 'gata' (gone, passed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃvatsara+gata)

• saṃvatsara – year, a full year
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, passed, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √gam (to go) with the past participle suffix '-ta'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

(indeclinable)

Note: In combination with 'vā' forms an alternative 'or even'.

द्विसंवत्सरः (dvisaṁvatsaraḥ) - two years old, having two years

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvisaṃvatsara

dvisaṁvatsara - two years old, having two years

Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'saṃvatsara' (year).

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+saṃvatsara)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• saṃvatsara – year, a full year
  noun (masculine)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यौवनस्थः (yauvanasthaḥ) - in youth, youthful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yauvanastha

yauvanastha - situated in youth, youthful

Compound of 'yauvana' (youth) and 'stha' (standing, being in).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yauvana+stha)

• yauvana – youth, youthfulness
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand, stay) + suffix -a.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used to emphasize 'even' (while in youth).

मध्यस्थः (madhyasthaḥ) - in middle age, standing in the middle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyastha

madhyastha - standing in the middle, intermediate, neutral, in middle age

Compound of 'madhya' (middle) and 'stha' (standing, being in).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhya+stha)

• madhya – middle, center, intermediate
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand, stay) + suffix -a.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with the past participle suffix '-ta'.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too; (with vā) or, even if

(indeclinable)

Note: In combination with 'vā' forms an alternative 'or even'.

विपद्यते (vipadyate) - perishes, dies, fails

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vipad

Present Middle Voice

Derived from the root √pad (to go, fall) with the upasarga 'vi'. Conjugated in the present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: pad (class 4)