महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-21, verse-7

उद्विग्नः सततं यस्माद्धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
त्रयोदश समा निद्रां चिन्तयन्नाध्यगच्छत ॥७॥

7. udvignaḥ satataṁ yasmāddharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
trayodaśa samā nidrāṁ cintayannādhyagacchata.

7. udvignaḥ satatam yasmāt dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
trayodaśa samāḥ nidrām cintayan na adhyagacchat

7. yasmāt dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ satatam udvignaḥ
trayodaśa samāḥ cintayan nidrām na adhyagacchat

7. Because of whom, Yudhiṣṭhira, the King of Righteousness (dharma), was constantly agitated; for thirteen years, reflecting, he could not obtain sleep.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated, anxious, distressed

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of whom (from whom, because of whom, from which)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King of Righteousness (dharma), an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness, King of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep

• चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking, reflecting, pondering

• न (na) - not, no

• अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he obtained (sleep) (he obtained, he attained, he went towards)

Words meanings and morphology

उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated, anxious, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, anxious, distressed

Past Passive Participle

from root vij with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Root: tan (class 8)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of whom (from whom, because of whom, from which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King of Righteousness (dharma), an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness, King of justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of justice, Yama (god of death), an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  from root rāj
  Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, an epithet of the eldest Pandava

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

(numeral)

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber

Root: drā (class 2)

चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking, reflecting, pondering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintayat

cintayat - thinking, reflecting, considering

Present Active Participle

from causal of root cit

Root: cit (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he obtained (sleep) (he obtained, he attained, he went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of adhi-gam

imperfect active

3rd person singular imperfect active of root gam with prefix adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)