महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-21, verse-11

आचार्यशापोऽनुगतो ध्रुवं त्वां यदग्रसच्चक्रमियं धरा ते ।
ततः शरेणापहृतं शिरस्ते धनंजयेनाहवे शत्रुमध्ये ॥११॥

11. ācāryaśāpo'nugato dhruvaṁ tvāṁ; yadagrasaccakramiyaṁ dharā te ,
tataḥ śareṇāpahṛtaṁ śiraste; dhanaṁjayenāhave śatrumadhye.

11. ācāryaśāpaḥ anugataḥ dhruvam tvām
yat agrasat cakram iyam dharā
te tataḥ śareṇa apahṛtam śiraḥ te
dhanaṃjayena āhave śatrumadhye

11. dhruvam ācāryaśāpaḥ tvām anugataḥ
yat iyam dharā te cakram agrasat
tataḥ āhave śatrumadhye
dhanaṃjayena te śiraḥ śareṇa apahṛtam

11. Surely, the guru's (ācārya) curse (śāpa) has befallen you, because this earth swallowed your chariot wheel. Thereafter, your head was severed by Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) in battle, amidst your enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्यशापः (ācāryaśāpaḥ) - the curse of Paraśurāma upon Karṇa (guru's curse, preceptor's curse)

• अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed, come to, reached, befell

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Refers to Karṇa. (you (accusative))

• यत् (yat) - because (that, which; because)

• अग्रसत् (agrasat) - The earth swallowed the chariot wheel. (swallowed, devoured)

• चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel of Karṇa's chariot (wheel, discus)

• इयम् (iyam) - this earth (this (feminine))

• धरा (dharā) - earth, ground

• ते (te) - your (referring to Karṇa) (your, to you)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• शरेण (śareṇa) - by an arrow

• अपहृतम् (apahṛtam) - severed (head) (taken away, severed, carried off)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• ते (te) - your (referring to Karṇa) (your, to you)

• धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - amidst enemies, in the midst of foes

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्यशापः (ācāryaśāpaḥ) - the curse of Paraśurāma upon Karṇa (guru's curse, preceptor's curse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāryaśāpa

ācāryaśāpa - teacher's curse, preceptor's curse

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ācārya+śāpa)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, guru
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• śāpa – curse, imprecation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śap (to curse)
  Root: śap (class 1)

अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed, come to, reached, befell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anugata

anugata - followed, gone after, reached, obtained, having undergone

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root gam (to go) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here used to mean 'has come upon' or 'befallen'.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of dhruva used adverbially.

Root: dhru (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - Refers to Karṇa. (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

यत् (yat) - because (that, which; because)

(indeclinable)

Relativizing particle, here functioning as a conjunction.

अग्रसत् (agrasat) - The earth swallowed the chariot wheel. (swallowed, devoured)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gras

Aorist

Aorist, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from root gras.

Root: gras (class 1)

चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel of Karṇa's chariot (wheel, discus)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, discus, circle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इयम् (iyam) - this earth (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Feminine nominative singular of idam.

धरा (dharā) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharā

dharā - earth, ground, land

From root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - your (referring to Karṇa) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive or Dative singular of yuṣmad.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

From tad with tasil suffix.

शरेण (śareṇa) - by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

अपहृतम् (apahṛtam) - severed (head) (taken away, severed, carried off)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - taken away, carried off, removed, severed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, summit

s-stem neuter noun.

ते (te) - your (referring to Karṇa) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive or Dative singular of yuṣmad.

धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth; an epithet of Arjuna

From dhana (wealth) + ji (to conquer) + a suffix.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest; conquering
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From root hu (to offer) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - amidst enemies, in the midst of foes

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śatrumadhya

śatrumadhya - in the midst of enemies, among foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+madhya)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)